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Human Anatomy > Topic 8 - GI tract Part 1 > Flashcards

Topic 8 - GI tract Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the placement of the 3 salivary glands

A

Parotid at back. Submandibular on surface of mouth , sublingual to the front

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2
Q

Explain the types of epithelium layers

A

Single squamous (1 flattened cell layer)

Single cuboidal

Single columnar (long)

Stratified squamous, columnar and epithelil

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3
Q

What’s the difference between squamous and simple

A

Simple are any type of cell eg cuboidal but 1 layer vs squamous are flat cells but can be many lauers

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4
Q

What sort of cells are in the mouth and tongue of oral cavity

A

Stratified squamous cells

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5
Q

Why is food broken down

A

To increase sa for enzyme work

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6
Q

What do the muscles of tongue and cheek do

A

Pulverise the food and form a bolus

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7
Q

What do muscles of mastication do

A

Move the lower jaw

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8
Q

Which mastication muscle is the major large one seen on outside to elevate the jaw

A

Temporalis

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9
Q

Which other large muscle elevates but also protrudes the jaw

A

Masseter

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10
Q

Which muscles move the lower jaw laterally

A

Pterygoids

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11
Q

What is the upper jaw called

A

Maxilla

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12
Q

What sort of saliva is produced by the submandibular

A

Serous and mucous saliva

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13
Q

What do sublingual produce

A

Serous saliva

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14
Q

What does parotid produce

A

Mucous saliva

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15
Q

Where is production of saliva first before duct modification

A

The acinus /acini of glands

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16
Q

What sort of fluid is this and what enzyme present

A

Isotonic with a amylase in it

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17
Q

What does the duct do

A

Active filtration of ions like na, Cl, k, hco

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18
Q

Which ans system cause larger water saliva

A

PNS

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19
Q

What does sns cause

A

Thick and low amount of saliva high in mucous

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20
Q

Which acinus secretes most proteins

A

Serous acinus

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21
Q

The mucus acinus secretes what for lubrication

A

Mucin

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22
Q

The point where ducts meet are called what

A

The intercalated ducts (both serous and mucous)

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23
Q

What surrounds acinar cells

A

Myo epithelial cells

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24
Q

What type of duct does the saliva go to

A

Striated duct with striated cells

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25
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A 
Lubrication via mucin 
Digestion eg via a amylase 
Speech 
Thirst stimulation 
Absorption in mouth 
Antibacterial
26
Q

What sorts of things does it have which is anti bacteria

A

Thiocyanate

27
Q

What are the 4 layers of the gi tract tube

A

Inner mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

28
Q

What makes up the mucosa

A

Epithelium, lamina priopria and the muscularis mucosa

29
Q

What type of epi can it be

A

Any eg squamous, stratified ,columnar etc

30
Q

What is the lp

A

Loose connective tissue with immune cells

31
Q

What is the muscularis thin mucosa smooth muscle for

A

Contraction of mucosa

32
Q

What is the submucosa

A

Dense connective tissue layer

33
Q

What sorts if things does submucosa have

A

Fat stores, submucosa plexus

34
Q

What is the submucosal plexus a strand of

A

The enteric NS which is a part of the ans

35
Q

What does it control in submucosa

A

Secretion and blood flow

and also relaying info from epithelium and stretch receptors in wall

36
Q

Why is enteric ns different

A

Can operate independently of the cns

37
Q

Which 2 muscle types are in the muscularis externa

A

Inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle

38
Q

What are they for

A

Pushing food down ie peristalsis

39
Q

Which plexus part of the ens lies between the muscles and allow motility

A

Myenteric plexus

40
Q

What is the serosa

A

Layer of epithelium forming part of the peritoneum

41
Q

What does peritoneum do

A

Lines abdominal cavity and organs and anchors them to body wall

42
Q

What is the first step of swallowing before a swallowing signal forms

A

Bolus formed and pushed to back of pharynx forming a swallow reflux signal

43
Q

After the swallow signal what rises to block the nasopharynx

A

The soft palate

44
Q

What allows closure of the trachea

A

Larynx rising and moving epiglottis over the trachea

45
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the tongue

A

Styloglossus , palatoglossus, hypoglossus, genioglossus

46
Q

Which muscles lift the soft palate

A

Palatine

47
Q

What lifts the larynx

A

Suprahyoid muscles

48
Q

Which sphincters push food down sequentially

A

Pharyngeal

49
Q

What is the oesophageal phase of swallowing

A

Food pushed down via peristalsis and involuntary action of smooth muscleb

50
Q

Which sphincters relax to allow food into stomach

A

Lower oesophageal sphincters

51
Q

Which type of cells are in the oesophagus (same as mouth)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

Where is the oesophagus susceptible to hiatus hernia

A

Point where it meets the diaphragm a stomach can be pushed up the gap and reflex

53
Q

Is the lower oesophageal sphincter even a sphincter

A

No just a band of muscles which cause tension and block reflux from stomach

54
Q

How is the muscularis externa of upper 1/3 of oesophagus different to lower

A

Had skeletal muscle gs smooth muscle in the lower 2/3!

55
Q

What is present in the lp and submucosa of oesophagus

A

Mucus secretory glands

56
Q

What nerve innervates the oesophagus

A

Vagus nerve

57
Q

What is pseudostraitifejd

A

1 layer which acts as 2

58
Q

What are the muscles of the cheek and tongue for after teeth breakdown

A

Pulverisation Bolus formation

59
Q

Where does serous acinus meet mucous acinus

A

Intercalated duct then into striated duct for modification

60
Q

What cells are on basal outside of the secretory glands / salivary

A

Myoepithelium

61
Q

Why is the LP good for immunology

A

Good bloody supply and lymphatics

62
Q

How do pharyngeal constrictors contract to push food down

A

Sequentially

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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