Session 2: Part 2 (PNS)

Question 1

What is the somatic nervous ststem

Answer 1

Responsible for coscoius responses to touch, proprioception,pain, temp

Question 2

What are the somatic agferent nerves

Answer 2

Sensory nerves to sc and brain

Question 3

What are somatic efferent

Answer 3

Motor neurones from cerebral cortex to affect skeletal muscle

Question 4

Where in the brain has the nerve signal initiating movement

Answer 4

Precentral gyrus

Question 5

What soes rhe corticospinal tract do

Answer 5

Mediates messages from brain to skeletal muscle

Question 6

Where is the point where motor neurones innervate muscle crlls

Answer 6

NMJ

Question 7

Where di somatic neurones synapse from cns

Answer 7

Mowhere. Rhey go straight to target organ

Question 8

What are the somatic nerves from spinal cord called which carry info there asb from there

Answer 8

Spinal nerves (also carry ans)

Nerves are groups of axon bodies

Question 9

What are the somatic nerves from brain

Answer 9

Cranial nerves

Question 10

What are spinal roots

Answer 10

Start of spinal nerves/peripheral nerves

Question 11

Where are spinal toots placed in cervixal region

Answer 11

Superior to each ceryebrae except c8 nerve below c7

Question 12

Where do the rest of spinal toots lay

Answer 12

Inferior to the vertebrae levels (31 spinal roots)

Question 13

What area of vertebrae has 1 spinal root

Answer 13

Coccyx (coccygeal nerve)

Question 14

What is the membrane surrounding the spinal cord in the spinal column

Answer 14

Meninges

Question 15

What di ventral abs dorsal root neurones form after formation

Answer 15

Wither a nerve plexus or carry on as individual peripheral nerves

Question 16

What is a plexus

Answer 16

Network/tangle of nerves

Made of nerves from spinal roots at diff levels

Question 17

What makes up lumbar plrcus

Answer 17

T12-L5 soinal nerves

Question 18

What is the result of plexus forming

Answer 18

Nerves then have contributions from other spinal mervesy

Question 19

Example femoral nerve as an extension from lumbar plexus and myltiple effects

Answer 19

L2,3,4 supplies muscles and skin of the leg

Question 20

Give an examppe of a nerve from cervical plexus

Answer 20

Phrenic nerve

Question 21

Give an example of a nerbe from lumbar plexus

Answer 21

Trigeminal

Question 22

What is a lwrge nevre from sacral plexus

Answer 22

Sciatic

Question 23

What are dermatomes and myotomes

Answer 23

Area of skin or muscle supplied by each spinal nerve

Question 24

How is dermatome distributiok by spinal nerves diff to cutaneous distribution by peripheral nerves

Answer 24

Peripheral can contain pather areas than dermatomes

Question 25

Which spinal nerves innervate most of thigh and leg muscle and skin

Answer 25

Sciatic from sacral plexus and femoral from lumbar plexus

Question 26

Which motor neurone is from sciatic nerve and what area does it affect

Answer 26

Motor to muscles on the posterior side of the leg (hamstring to bend knee)

Question 27

Where does sensory afferent supply to sciatic nerve /cns

Answer 27

Lateral side of leg (skin below knee and dorsum and sole of foot)

Question 28

Which motor neruone from femoral nerve supplies ehrre in leg

Answer 28

Motor to the anterior of the thigh (quadriceps, flexing leg)

Question 29

Which sensory afferents go to femoral nerve up

Answer 29

From anterior thigh skin and medial leg

Question 30

How many cranial nerves (from brain) sre therr

Answer 30

12

Question 31

How are cranial diff to spinal

Answer 31

Have special senses aswell as autonomic and somatic Also dont have a dermatome or myotome region like sciatic and femoral

Question 32

What are the speical senses by cranial nerves

Answer 32

Sight, smell, hearing, balance, taste

Question 33

Which cranial nerve sends afferent signals for smell from nasal mucosa

Answer 33

I (olfactory nerve)

Question 34

Which nerve is afferent for vision from retina

Answer 34

Optic nerve (II)

Question 35

What is the somatic motor division of occulomotor nerve III

Answer 35

Controls eye and eyelid movement

Question 36

What is the autonomic role of the occulomotor nerve III

Answer 36

Controls pupil constriction

Question 37

Which nevrr has the somatic motor response to move 1 muscle in eye

Answer 37

Trochlear IV

Question 38

What is the somatic division/afferent from the trigeminal nerve V

Answer 38

Senses touch on face and cornea from dermatomes

Question 39

What motor effect does trigeminal nerve V have

Answer 39

For muscle movemnet for mastication/chewing

Question 40

What is nerve VI wnd what is the role

Answer 40

Abducent: motor efferent to other muscle in eye (same as trochlear)

Question 41

Which nerve senses taste from anterior palate and tongue

Answer 41

VII : facial nerve

Question 42

Which nerve is affected if you cant control fscial expressions via myotomes

Answer 42

Facial VII

Question 43

How does fscial VII affect salivation autonomic effect

Answer 43

Increases salivation except from parotid

Question 44

What nerve is VIII and what does it do

Answer 44

Vestibulococchlear Allows somatic sense of hearing from cochlear Allows balance from vestibular region

Question 45

What is the speical sense of the IV glossy pharyngeal nerve

Answer 45

Taste from posterior tongue

Question 46

What sensation sends signals down IX

Answer 46

From external ear

Question 47

Which nerve sends motor for swallowing

Answer 47

IX

Question 48

What autonomic effect does IX have

Answer 48

Salication from parotid gland

Question 49

What large autonomic effects does vagus X have

Answer 49

Innervation of gi tract, trachea, bronchi and cardiac smokth muscle from parasymp

Question 50

What somatic motor effects does vagus have (mainly in swallowing)

Answer 50

On pharynx, larynx and palate

Question 51

What afferent sensation does vagus x have

Answer 51

From GI, heart, airways

Question 52

What is nerve XI wnd what does it do

Answer 52

Accesory nerve Somatic motor effects to soft palate pharynx and 2 muscles in neck

Question 53

Which nerve have motors to muscles of tongue

Answer 53

XII: hypoglossal nerve

Question 54

Where di somwtic neurones synapse with cns

Answer 54

In spjnal cord

Question 55

are spinal nerves both somatic and autonomic

Answer 55

Yes. They are just the roots going from and to spinal cord (dorsal or ventral root) but then after plexus/ near periphery end up as peripheral nerves

Question 56

What is Bell’s palsy

Answer 56

Palsy of facial nerve which cause unilateral facial paralysis (somatic motor division for facial expression) Eg caused by hsv

Question 57

Is vagus part of the parasympathetic innervation eg of bronchi

Answer 57

Yes