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Human Anatomy > Session 2: Part 2 (PNS) > Flashcards

Session 2: Part 2 (PNS) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the somatic nervous ststem

A

Responsible for coscoius responses to touch, proprioception,pain, temp

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2
Q

What are the somatic agferent nerves

A

Sensory nerves to sc and brain

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3
Q

What are somatic efferent

A

Motor neurones from cerebral cortex to affect skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Where in the brain has the nerve signal initiating movement

A

Precentral gyrus

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5
Q

What soes rhe corticospinal tract do

A

Mediates messages from brain to skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Where is the point where motor neurones innervate muscle crlls

A

NMJ

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7
Q

Where di somatic neurones synapse from cns

A

Mowhere. Rhey go straight to target organ

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8
Q

What are the somatic nerves from spinal cord called which carry info there asb from there

A

Spinal nerves (also carry ans)

Nerves are groups of axon bodies

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9
Q

What are the somatic nerves from brain

A

Cranial nerves

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10
Q

What are spinal roots

A

Start of spinal nerves/peripheral nerves

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11
Q

Where are spinal toots placed in cervixal region

A

Superior to each ceryebrae except c8 nerve below c7

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12
Q

Where do the rest of spinal toots lay

A

Inferior to the vertebrae levels (31 spinal roots)

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13
Q

What area of vertebrae has 1 spinal root

A

Coccyx (coccygeal nerve)

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14
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the spinal cord in the spinal column

A

Meninges

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15
Q

What di ventral abs dorsal root neurones form after formation

A

Wither a nerve plexus or carry on as individual peripheral nerves

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16
Q

What is a plexus

A

Network/tangle of nerves

Made of nerves from spinal roots at diff levels

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17
Q

What makes up lumbar plrcus

A

T12-L5 soinal nerves

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18
Q

What is the result of plexus forming

A

Nerves then have contributions from other spinal mervesy

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19
Q

Example femoral nerve as an extension from lumbar plexus and myltiple effects

A

L2,3,4 supplies muscles and skin of the leg

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20
Q

Give an examppe of a nerve from cervical plexus

A

Phrenic nerve

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21
Q

Give an example of a nerbe from lumbar plexus

A

Trigeminal

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22
Q

What is a lwrge nevre from sacral plexus

A

Sciatic

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23
Q

What are dermatomes and myotomes

A

Area of skin or muscle supplied by each spinal nerve

24
Q

How is dermatome distributiok by spinal nerves diff to cutaneous distribution by peripheral nerves

A

Peripheral can contain pather areas than dermatomes

25
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate most of thigh and leg muscle and skin

A

Sciatic from sacral plexus and femoral from lumbar plexus

26
Q

Which motor neurone is from sciatic nerve and what area does it affect

A

Motor to muscles on the posterior side of the leg (hamstring to bend knee)

27
Q

Where does sensory afferent supply to sciatic nerve /cns

A

Lateral side of leg (skin below knee and dorsum and sole of foot)

28
Q

Which motor neruone from femoral nerve supplies ehrre in leg

A

Motor to the anterior of the thigh (quadriceps, flexing leg)

29
Q

Which sensory afferents go to femoral nerve up

A

From anterior thigh skin and medial leg

30
Q

How many cranial nerves (from brain) sre therr

A

12

31
Q

How are cranial diff to spinal

A

Have special senses aswell as autonomic and somatic

Also dont have a dermatome or myotome region like sciatic and femoral

32
Q

What are the speical senses by cranial nerves

A

Sight, smell, hearing, balance, taste

33
Q

Which cranial nerve sends afferent signals for smell from nasal mucosa

A

I (olfactory nerve)

34
Q

Which nerve is afferent for vision from retina

A

Optic nerve (II)

35
Q

What is the somatic motor division of occulomotor nerve III

A

Controls eye and eyelid movement

36
Q

What is the autonomic role of the occulomotor nerve III

A

Controls pupil constriction

37
Q

Which nevrr has the somatic motor response to move 1 muscle in eye

A

Trochlear IV

38
Q

What is the somatic division/afferent from the trigeminal nerve V

A

Senses touch on face and cornea from dermatomes

39
Q

What motor effect does trigeminal nerve V have

A

For muscle movemnet for mastication/chewing

40
Q

What is nerve VI wnd what is the role

A

Abducent: motor efferent to other muscle in eye (same as trochlear)

41
Q

Which nerve senses taste from anterior palate and tongue

A

VII : facial nerve

42
Q

Which nerve is affected if you cant control fscial expressions via myotomes

A

Facial VII

43
Q

How does fscial VII affect salivation autonomic effect

A

Increases salivation except from parotid

44
Q

What nerve is VIII and what does it do

A

Vestibulococchlear

Allows somatic sense of hearing from cochlear

Allows balance from vestibular region

45
Q

What is the speical sense of the IV glossy pharyngeal nerve

A

Taste from posterior tongue

46
Q

What sensation sends signals down IX

A

From external ear

47
Q

Which nerve sends motor for swallowing

A

IX

48
Q

What autonomic effect does IX have

A

Salication from parotid gland

49
Q

What large autonomic effects does vagus X have

A

Innervation of gi tract, trachea, bronchi and cardiac smokth muscle from parasymp

50
Q

What somatic motor effects does vagus have (mainly in swallowing)

A

On pharynx, larynx and palate

51
Q

What afferent sensation does vagus x have

A

From GI, heart, airways

52
Q

What is nerve XI wnd what does it do

A

Accesory nerve

Somatic motor effects to soft palate pharynx and 2 muscles in neck

53
Q

Which nerve have motors to muscles of tongue

A

XII: hypoglossal nerve

54
Q

Where di somwtic neurones synapse with cns

A

In spjnal cord

55
Q

are spinal nerves both somatic and autonomic

A

Yes. They are just the roots going from and to spinal cord (dorsal or ventral root) but then after plexus/ near periphery end up as peripheral nerves

56
Q

What is Bell’s palsy

A

Palsy of facial nerve which cause unilateral facial paralysis (somatic motor division for facial expression)

Eg caused by hsv

57
Q

Is vagus part of the parasympathetic innervation eg of bronchi

A

Yes

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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