Gi And Urinary Intro Flashcards
Name the mouth parts top to bottom
Palate
Uvula (at the back)
Tongue
Teeth
What are the 3 salivary glands
Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid (furthest back)
Whete is the epiglottis
Triangle bit infront of esophagus
What is higher the pharynx or larynx
Pharynx is higher, larynx is part of the esophagus
What prevents reflex of stmach into oesophagus
The band of muscle where diaphragm meets the oesophagus
What is oesophagus susceptible to when it passes through diaphragm and why
Hernation of the stomach (hiatus hernia)
No sphincters where oesophagus passes stomach
What is hiatus hernia
Where stomach squeezes theouhh hiatus (point where esophague meets diaphragm)
Causes teflux of stomach content (GER)
Where in absomen is stomach
Epigastrium crossinf the left hypochondrium
What is the most dilated part of gi tract
Stomach
Why is rhere a low ph in stomach
Aids digestion and fights microbes
Explain the steucture of the stomach
Fundus at top
Body
Antrum/pyloric region
(Passes to duodenum)
What separates duodenum si from stomach/antrum
Pyloric spinchters
Explain the rest of the si
Turns into jejunum at duojejunum junction
Then into ileum at end (close to caecum)
Explain the location of the liver
Extends from right hypochondrium and left lobe crosses to epigastrium into left hypochondrium
What is the liver under
Diaphragm
Which lobe is biggest in liver
Right lobe
What does the liver do
Produce bile for lipid digestion then stored in gall bladder
Is gall bladder posterior or angerior to liver
Posterior
What organ is an elongated gland with endocrine functions
Pancreas
Does pancreas lie deep to stomach or superficial
Deep
Which regipn is the pancreas in
Umbilical and tail crosses to the left lumbar next to spleen
What line/vessel runs trhough pancreas head ti tail
Pancreatic duct
What connedt gall bladder to pancreas
Common bile duct
Which disease is caused by autoimmune disease attacking pancreatic b cells
Diabetes mellitus
What are the 5 parts of the colon LI
Caecum (furthest left)
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoidal colon
Rectum
Wjat reguoj is the colon in
Runs from right iliac fossa to pubic region to left iliac fossa
What are the bends on ascending and descending colon caled
Right and left colic flexures
What is the terminal part of LI and whoch vertebrae
Rectum at sacral 3
What does rectum do
Stores faecal mass which then passes to anal canal/anal
What is the long term inflammatory disease called of colon
Crohns disease
Crohns affects the mesentry too. Whay does rhis mean
The outside of the intestine
How do you tell caecum from appendix
Appendix is longer and thin part (extwnds from caecum)
What junxtion does caecum begin in lower right inferior quadrant
Ileocaecal junction
What does ruptured appendix cause
Peritonitis (peritoneum inflammation)
Where is rhe spleen
Left lumbar refion
What brings blood to the spleen and away
Splenic artery from aorta then splenic vein back
What is the outside of spleen called
Capsule
What 2 functions of spleen in white pulp and red pulp
Collects ag (secondary lymphoid tissue) and removes ages RBCs
What is the middle bit of spleen called
Hilum
What constitutes rhe urinary system
Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
Where are rhe kidneys
Posterior wall of abdomen from T12 to L3
In right and left hypochondrium
Why is the right kidney lower to left
The right lobe of liver pushes down
What separates kidneys from ribs
Diaphragm
What are the top of the kindeus lecel to
Inferior pleura at 9th rib
What glands sit at top of kidneya and what do they secrete
Adrenal
Produce steroids in cortex like cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones (gonadocorticoids)
In medulla they produce adrenaline and epinephrine
What is bladder deep to
Pubic bone (blwdder sits in lesser pelvis)
When bladder expands how superior is it
Extneds to the greater pelvis
Where does urine go from bladder contraction
Urethra
What are kidney stones
Crystel aggregations caused by thintw like dehydration forming in kidney collecting ducts
Where do small stones pass
Urethra. Large get fragmented
