Gi And Urinary Intro

Question 1

Name the mouth parts top to bottom

Answer 1

Palate
Uvula (at the back)
Tongue
Teeth

Question 2

What are the 3 salivary glands

Answer 2

Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid (furthest back)

Question 3

Whete is the epiglottis

Answer 3

Triangle bit infront of esophagus

Question 4

What is higher the pharynx or larynx

Answer 4

Pharynx is higher, larynx is part of the esophagus

Question 5

What prevents reflex of stmach into oesophagus

Answer 5

The band of muscle where diaphragm meets the oesophagus

Question 6

What is oesophagus susceptible to when it passes through diaphragm and why

Answer 6

Hernation of the stomach (hiatus hernia)

No sphincters where oesophagus passes stomach

Question 7

What is hiatus hernia

Answer 7

Where stomach squeezes theouhh hiatus (point where esophague meets diaphragm)

Causes teflux of stomach content (GER)

Question 8

Where in absomen is stomach

Answer 8

Epigastrium crossinf the left hypochondrium

Question 9

What is the most dilated part of gi tract

Answer 9

Stomach

Question 10

Why is rhere a low ph in stomach

Answer 10

Aids digestion and fights microbes

Question 11

Explain the steucture of the stomach

Answer 11

Fundus at top

Body

Antrum/pyloric region
(Passes to duodenum)

Question 12

What separates duodenum si from stomach/antrum

Answer 12

Pyloric spinchters

Question 13

Explain the rest of the si

Answer 13

Turns into jejunum at duojejunum junction

Then into ileum at end (close to caecum)

Question 14

Explain the location of the liver

Answer 14

Extends from right hypochondrium and left lobe crosses to epigastrium into left hypochondrium

Question 15

What is the liver under

Answer 15

Diaphragm

Question 16

Which lobe is biggest in liver

Answer 16

Right lobe

Question 17

What does the liver do

Answer 17

Produce bile for lipid digestion then stored in gall bladder

Question 18

Is gall bladder posterior or angerior to liver

Answer 18

Posterior

Question 19

What organ is an elongated gland with endocrine functions

Answer 19

Pancreas

Question 20

Does pancreas lie deep to stomach or superficial

Answer 20

Deep

Question 21

Which regipn is the pancreas in

Answer 21

Umbilical and tail crosses to the left lumbar next to spleen

Question 22

What line/vessel runs trhough pancreas head ti tail

Answer 22

Pancreatic duct

Question 23

What connedt gall bladder to pancreas

Answer 23

Common bile duct

Question 24

Which disease is caused by autoimmune disease attacking pancreatic b cells

Answer 24

Diabetes mellitus

Question 25

What are the 5 parts of the colon LI

Answer 25

Caecum (furthest left) Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoidal colon Rectum

Question 26

Wjat reguoj is the colon in

Answer 26

Runs from right iliac fossa to pubic region to left iliac fossa

Question 27

What are the bends on ascending and descending colon caled

Answer 27

Right and left colic flexures

Question 28

What is the terminal part of LI and whoch vertebrae

Answer 28

Rectum at sacral 3

Question 29

What does rectum do

Answer 29

Stores faecal mass which then passes to anal canal/anal

Question 30

What is the long term inflammatory disease called of colon

Answer 30

Crohns disease

Question 31

Crohns affects the mesentry too. Whay does rhis mean

Answer 31

The outside of the intestine

Question 32

How do you tell caecum from appendix

Answer 32

Appendix is longer and thin part (extwnds from caecum)

Question 33

What junxtion does caecum begin in lower right inferior quadrant

Answer 33

Ileocaecal junction

Question 34

What does ruptured appendix cause

Answer 34

Peritonitis (peritoneum inflammation)

Question 35

Where is rhe spleen

Answer 35

Left lumbar refion

Question 36

What brings blood to the spleen and away

Answer 36

Splenic artery from aorta then splenic vein back

Question 37

What is the outside of spleen called

Answer 37

Capsule

Question 38

What 2 functions of spleen in white pulp and red pulp

Answer 38

Collects ag (secondary lymphoid tissue) and removes ages RBCs

Question 39

What is the middle bit of spleen called

Answer 39

Hilum

Question 40

What constitutes rhe urinary system

Answer 40

Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

Question 41

Where are rhe kidneys

Answer 41

Posterior wall of abdomen from T12 to L3 | In right and left hypochondrium

Question 42

Why is the right kidney lower to left

Answer 42

The right lobe of liver pushes down

Question 43

What separates kidneys from ribs

Answer 43

Diaphragm

Question 44

What are the top of the kindeus lecel to

Answer 44

Inferior pleura at 9th rib

Question 45

What glands sit at top of kidneya and what do they secrete

Answer 45

Adrenal Produce steroids in cortex like cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones (gonadocorticoids) In medulla they produce adrenaline and epinephrine

Question 46

What is bladder deep to

Answer 46

Pubic bone (blwdder sits in lesser pelvis)

Question 47

When bladder expands how superior is it

Answer 47

Extneds to the greater pelvis

Question 48

Where does urine go from bladder contraction

Answer 48

Urethra

Question 49

What are kidney stones

Answer 49

Crystel aggregations caused by thintw like dehydration forming in kidney collecting ducts

Question 50

Where do small stones pass

Answer 50

Urethra. Large get fragmented