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Human Anatomy > Gi And Urinary Intro > Flashcards

Gi And Urinary Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Name the mouth parts top to bottom

A

Palate
Uvula (at the back)
Tongue
Teeth

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2
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands

A

Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid (furthest back)

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3
Q

Whete is the epiglottis

A

Triangle bit infront of esophagus

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4
Q

What is higher the pharynx or larynx

A

Pharynx is higher, larynx is part of the esophagus

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5
Q

What prevents reflex of stmach into oesophagus

A

The band of muscle where diaphragm meets the oesophagus

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6
Q

What is oesophagus susceptible to when it passes through diaphragm and why

A

Hernation of the stomach (hiatus hernia)

No sphincters where oesophagus passes stomach

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7
Q

What is hiatus hernia

A

Where stomach squeezes theouhh hiatus (point where esophague meets diaphragm)

Causes teflux of stomach content (GER)

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8
Q

Where in absomen is stomach

A

Epigastrium crossinf the left hypochondrium

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9
Q

What is the most dilated part of gi tract

A

Stomach

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10
Q

Why is rhere a low ph in stomach

A

Aids digestion and fights microbes

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11
Q

Explain the steucture of the stomach

A

Fundus at top

Body

Antrum/pyloric region
(Passes to duodenum)

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12
Q

What separates duodenum si from stomach/antrum

A

Pyloric spinchters

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13
Q

Explain the rest of the si

A

Turns into jejunum at duojejunum junction

Then into ileum at end (close to caecum)

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14
Q

Explain the location of the liver

A

Extends from right hypochondrium and left lobe crosses to epigastrium into left hypochondrium

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15
Q

What is the liver under

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

Which lobe is biggest in liver

A

Right lobe

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17
Q

What does the liver do

A

Produce bile for lipid digestion then stored in gall bladder

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18
Q

Is gall bladder posterior or angerior to liver

A

Posterior

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19
Q

What organ is an elongated gland with endocrine functions

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

Does pancreas lie deep to stomach or superficial

A

Deep

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21
Q

Which regipn is the pancreas in

A

Umbilical and tail crosses to the left lumbar next to spleen

22
Q

What line/vessel runs trhough pancreas head ti tail

A

Pancreatic duct

23
Q

What connedt gall bladder to pancreas

A

Common bile duct

24
Q

Which disease is caused by autoimmune disease attacking pancreatic b cells

A

Diabetes mellitus

25
Q

What are the 5 parts of the colon LI

A

Caecum (furthest left)

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoidal colon

Rectum

26
Q

Wjat reguoj is the colon in

A

Runs from right iliac fossa to pubic region to left iliac fossa

27
Q

What are the bends on ascending and descending colon caled

A

Right and left colic flexures

28
Q

What is the terminal part of LI and whoch vertebrae

A

Rectum at sacral 3

29
Q

What does rectum do

A

Stores faecal mass which then passes to anal canal/anal

30
Q

What is the long term inflammatory disease called of colon

A

Crohns disease

31
Q

Crohns affects the mesentry too. Whay does rhis mean

A

The outside of the intestine

32
Q

How do you tell caecum from appendix

A

Appendix is longer and thin part (extwnds from caecum)

33
Q

What junxtion does caecum begin in lower right inferior quadrant

A

Ileocaecal junction

34
Q

What does ruptured appendix cause

A

Peritonitis (peritoneum inflammation)

35
Q

Where is rhe spleen

A

Left lumbar refion

36
Q

What brings blood to the spleen and away

A

Splenic artery from aorta then splenic vein back

37
Q

What is the outside of spleen called

A

Capsule

38
Q

What 2 functions of spleen in white pulp and red pulp

A

Collects ag (secondary lymphoid tissue) and removes ages RBCs

39
Q

What is the middle bit of spleen called

A

Hilum

40
Q

What constitutes rhe urinary system

A

Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

41
Q

Where are rhe kidneys

A

Posterior wall of abdomen from T12 to L3

In right and left hypochondrium

42
Q

Why is the right kidney lower to left

A

The right lobe of liver pushes down

43
Q

What separates kidneys from ribs

A

Diaphragm

44
Q

What are the top of the kindeus lecel to

A

Inferior pleura at 9th rib

45
Q

What glands sit at top of kidneya and what do they secrete

A

Adrenal

Produce steroids in cortex like cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones (gonadocorticoids)

In medulla they produce adrenaline and epinephrine

46
Q

What is bladder deep to

A

Pubic bone (blwdder sits in lesser pelvis)

47
Q

When bladder expands how superior is it

A

Extneds to the greater pelvis

48
Q

Where does urine go from bladder contraction

A

Urethra

49
Q

What are kidney stones

A

Crystel aggregations caused by thintw like dehydration forming in kidney collecting ducts

50
Q

Where do small stones pass

A

Urethra. Large get fragmented

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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