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Human Anatomy > Session 2: Part 1 (PNS) > Flashcards

Session 2: Part 1 (PNS) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 arms of the PNS

A

Autonomic (unconscious) and somatic

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2
Q

What are the 2 autonomic branches

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

Which part of the neuron carries info the cell body

A

Dendrites

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4
Q

Which part of the nuerone carries info away from cell body and is part of a synapse with cell or another neurone

A

Axon and then axon terminals

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5
Q

What difference do neurones have in ms

A

Demyelinated and loss of axon

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6
Q

What are the cells called in axon whcih sre myelinated and the haps between

A

Schwann and nodes of ranvier

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7
Q

What does the spinal cord do

A

Carries information to and from the brain afferent and efferent

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8
Q

How many cervical nerve pairs are there (c1/c7)

A

There are 8 nerve pairs

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9
Q

How many nerve pairs in thoracic,lumbar and sacral

A

12,5 and 5

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10
Q

What is the nerve in coccyx area called

A

Coccygeal nerve

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11
Q

What are all these nerves called extending from spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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12
Q

What protects rhe spinal cord specifically

A

Vertebrae

Vertebrae canals is where spinal cord runs through

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13
Q

What forms the vertebrae canal

A

When vertebrae stack the foramen will form the vertebrae canal where spinal cord sits all the way down spinal column

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14
Q

What bone forms the body around the verterbal canal

A

Cancellous

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15
Q

What is the white matter outer part of the spinal cord made of

A

Axons from neurones ascending and descending

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16
Q

What forms the grey matter

A

Where cell bodies cluster and synapses between neurones occur

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17
Q

Where do nerves from body afferent enter in the spinal cord

A

Dorsal root/ horn. (Posterior)

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18
Q

What is the little bundle called on the nerves entering into dorsal horn

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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19
Q

Where do nerves exit from sc

A

Ventral root/ horn (anterior)

20
Q

What surrounds the dorsal and bentral horns which sit in hrey matter

A

In white matter there is the anterior, lateral and posterior funiculus

21
Q

What is the dot in middle of sc called

A

Central canal

22
Q

What is the gap xalled in between sc

A

Anterior median fissure

23
Q

What runs in the lateral column/funiculus of spinal cord (to the left)

A

Where the descending motor neurones from the cerebral cortex run to sc with info for movement (part of the corticospinal tract which are axons/white matter of these neurones)

24
Q

What neurones run in the dorsal column

A

Sensory ascending from limbs carrying proprioceptive and fine touch info

25
Q

Which nerves dont run in spinal cord

A

Autonomic nerves (run alongside in ganglia)

26
Q

Where do ascending pain and temp sensory neurones run through in white matter

A

Anterolateral fasciculus / spinothalmic tract

Ventral column

27
Q

Where do ANS neurones arise from after brain

A

Axon Synapse in ganglia forming pre and post ganglionic neurones in periphery

(Always 2 neurones)
(They DO NOT CROSS SC)

28
Q

What are sympathetic and para effects on salicary flands

A

Symp- reduce salivation

Para - increase water salivation

29
Q

Effect on cardiac muscel

A

Symp- increase hr and force

Para- reduce hr and force

30
Q

Pupils sphincters

A

Symp- dilate them

Para- constrict them

31
Q

Liver

A

Symp- increased glycogenolysis

Para- no effect

32
Q

Peripheral vessels

A

Symp- constrict them

Para- no effect

33
Q

SMall intestije

A

Symp- decreased motility

Para- increased motility/digestion

34
Q

Stomach

A

Symp- reduced peristalsis

Para- increase peristalsis and secretions

35
Q

Large intestine

A

Symp- deceeased motility

Para- increased motility/digestion and secretion

36
Q

Airways/ lungs smooth muscle

A

Symp- dilate and relax

Para- constrict

37
Q

Where are the crll bodies of sympathetic neurones on spinal column

A

Thoracic and lumbar segments

38
Q

Explain ganglia formation in sns neurones

A

Wither paravertebral ganglion or individual ganglion form far from target organ (short pre,long post neurone)

39
Q

What is the effect sns has on sweat glands and adrenal medulla

A

Increase sweat

Increwse adrenaline release

40
Q

What is the effect sns has on skin and viscera/lsfge organs

A

Vasoconstriction eg of the GI tract = reduced motility and tight skin

41
Q

Where do para sympathetic neurones arise from

A

Cranial nerves or at the lumbo sacral column (bottom)

42
Q

How are ganglia of para symp different

A

Only individual jot grouped , also close to target organs (long pre neurone)

43
Q

How does para symp allow motility and divestion

A

Vasodilation of the viscera/organs

44
Q

What are the PNS neurones going to and from the cns carrying info

A

Afferent and efferent from cns

45
Q

Somatic sensory and motor go through the spinal cord directly. Explain

A

Somatic sensory run in the dorsal funiculus for fine touch and proprioceptjon

Lateral column are the motor efferents from brain

Anterolateral fascucilus carries somatic sensory pain and temp fibres up

46
Q

Do neurones only carry either efferent or afferent info

A

No it’s a combination of both

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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