Session 2: Part 1 (PNS)

Question 1

What are the 2 arms of the PNS

Answer 1

Autonomic (unconscious) and somatic

Question 2

What are the 2 autonomic branches

Answer 2

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 3

Which part of the neuron carries info the cell body

Answer 3

Dendrites

Question 4

Which part of the nuerone carries info away from cell body and is part of a synapse with cell or another neurone

Answer 4

Axon and then axon terminals

Question 5

What difference do neurones have in ms

Answer 5

Demyelinated and loss of axon

Question 6

What are the cells called in axon whcih sre myelinated and the haps between

Answer 6

Schwann and nodes of ranvier

Question 7

What does the spinal cord do

Answer 7

Carries information to and from the brain afferent and efferent

Question 8

How many cervical nerve pairs are there (c1/c7)

Answer 8

There are 8 nerve pairs

Question 9

How many nerve pairs in thoracic,lumbar and sacral

Answer 9

12,5 and 5

Question 10

What is the nerve in coccyx area called

Answer 10

Coccygeal nerve

Question 11

What are all these nerves called extending from spinal cord

Answer 11

Spinal nerves

Question 12

What protects rhe spinal cord specifically

Answer 12

Vertebrae

Vertebrae canals is where spinal cord runs through

Question 13

What forms the vertebrae canal

Answer 13

When vertebrae stack the foramen will form the vertebrae canal where spinal cord sits all the way down spinal column

Question 14

What bone forms the body around the verterbal canal

Answer 14

Cancellous

Question 15

What is the white matter outer part of the spinal cord made of

Answer 15

Axons from neurones ascending and descending

Question 16

What forms the grey matter

Answer 16

Where cell bodies cluster and synapses between neurones occur

Question 17

Where do nerves from body afferent enter in the spinal cord

Answer 17

Dorsal root/ horn. (Posterior)

Question 18

What is the little bundle called on the nerves entering into dorsal horn

Answer 18

Dorsal root ganglia

Question 19

Where do nerves exit from sc

Answer 19

Ventral root/ horn (anterior)

Question 20

What surrounds the dorsal and bentral horns which sit in hrey matter

Answer 20

In white matter there is the anterior, lateral and posterior funiculus

Question 21

What is the dot in middle of sc called

Answer 21

Central canal

Question 22

What is the gap xalled in between sc

Answer 22

Anterior median fissure

Question 23

What runs in the lateral column/funiculus of spinal cord (to the left)

Answer 23

Where the descending motor neurones from the cerebral cortex run to sc with info for movement (part of the corticospinal tract which are axons/white matter of these neurones)

Question 24

What neurones run in the dorsal column

Answer 24

Sensory ascending from limbs carrying proprioceptive and fine touch info

Question 25

Which nerves dont run in spinal cord

Answer 25

Autonomic nerves (run alongside in ganglia)

Question 26

Where do ascending pain and temp sensory neurones run through in white matter

Answer 26

Anterolateral fasciculus / spinothalmic tract | Ventral column

Question 27

Where do ANS neurones arise from after brain

Answer 27

Axon Synapse in ganglia forming pre and post ganglionic neurones in periphery (Always 2 neurones) (They DO NOT CROSS SC)

Question 28

What are sympathetic and para effects on salicary flands

Answer 28

Symp- reduce salivation | Para - increase water salivation

Question 29

Effect on cardiac muscel

Answer 29

Symp- increase hr and force | Para- reduce hr and force

Question 30

Pupils sphincters

Answer 30

Symp- dilate them | Para- constrict them

Question 31

Liver

Answer 31

Symp- increased glycogenolysis | Para- no effect

Question 32

Peripheral vessels

Answer 32

Symp- constrict them | Para- no effect

Question 33

SMall intestije

Answer 33

Symp- decreased motility | Para- increased motility/digestion

Question 34

Stomach

Answer 34

Symp- reduced peristalsis Para- increase peristalsis and secretions

Question 35

Large intestine

Answer 35

Symp- deceeased motility Para- increased motility/digestion and secretion

Question 36

Airways/ lungs smooth muscle

Answer 36

Symp- dilate and relax | Para- constrict

Question 37

Where are the crll bodies of sympathetic neurones on spinal column

Answer 37

Thoracic and lumbar segments

Question 38

Explain ganglia formation in sns neurones

Answer 38

Wither paravertebral ganglion or individual ganglion form far from target organ (short pre,long post neurone)

Question 39

What is the effect sns has on sweat glands and adrenal medulla

Answer 39

Increase sweat Increwse adrenaline release

Question 40

What is the effect sns has on skin and viscera/lsfge organs

Answer 40

Vasoconstriction eg of the GI tract = reduced motility and tight skin

Question 41

Where do para sympathetic neurones arise from

Answer 41

Cranial nerves or at the lumbo sacral column (bottom)

Question 42

How are ganglia of para symp different

Answer 42

Only individual jot grouped , also close to target organs (long pre neurone)

Question 43

How does para symp allow motility and divestion

Answer 43

Vasodilation of the viscera/organs

Question 44

What are the PNS neurones going to and from the cns carrying info

Answer 44

Afferent and efferent from cns

Question 45

Somatic sensory and motor go through the spinal cord directly. Explain

Answer 45

Somatic sensory run in the dorsal funiculus for fine touch and proprioceptjon Lateral column are the motor efferents from brain Anterolateral fascucilus carries somatic sensory pain and temp fibres up

Question 46

Do neurones only carry either efferent or afferent info

Answer 46

No it’s a combination of both