Topic 4: CVS 1 Flashcards
What does mediastinum contain
Hollow visceral organs connrcted by loose conndctive tissue (all except lungs)
What is the mediastinum between
Sternum/ costal cartilages and the vertebrae
What is superior mediastinum
Extends from superior thoracic aperture (top) to the horizontal plane including the sternal angle
Where does the horizontal plane lie
T4,T5 junction
What is the sternal angle
A joint between the top (manubrium) of the sternum and the body (middle) of the sternum
What is the inferior mediastinum divided into
Anterior , middle and posterior
Where does inferior mediastinum extend from
Superiorly sternal angle then inferior diaphragm
Which nerve in yhe left of thorax runs infront of the heart
Phrenic nerve
What runs behind the toot of the lung on the left thorax (small vessel)
Vagus nerve
Where would you put the left subclavian artery if given the left thoracic view
Above heart and lung going up (next to left brachiocephalic veins)
What is above the 2 pulmonary veins on the lrgt thoracic view
The pulmonary artery (going left)
What are the 2 tubes joint together near both right and left pulmonary veins
Bronchus (both views of thorax)
What is seen on the tight mediastinum (larger vessel next to right vagus nerve)
Azygos vein
What is the pericardium fibrous tissue fused with
Aorta and pulmonary trunk
What blends on the bottom of pericardium
Central tendom of the diaphragm
What is the split between left and right pulmonary veins
Oblique sinus
What is the top layer of pericsrdium called and what for
Fibrous layer. It prevents over expansion of hesrt
What is the next layer in
Parietal layer of the serous membrane pericardium
What is between the parietal and cisceral layer of the serous membrnae
The pericardial cavity (fluid filled)
Whag is the pericardial cagity for
Stop friction when expanding
What is another name of visceral payer of pericardium
Epicardium (lines surface of hesrt)
What is visceral layer next to
Myocardium with myocytes (the hesrt myscle)
What lines the hesrt chambers
Endocardium
What is the systemic circulstion
Suplly of blood to every structure excet the lungs which id the pulmonary system
What is the upper psrt of superior vena cava which leand to the left
Left subclavian vein
What is the right top part of bena cava called which joins the left subclavian vein/brachiocephalic vein
Right Brachiocephalic vein
Name from right to left the dicisions from aorta
Brachiocephalic artery , dividing into the right subclavian artery and right comkon carotid artery
Left has the left subclavian artery then inner to that is the left common carotid artery
What separates the atria and ventricles
Inter atrial/ventricular septum
What are the 4 valves
Tricuspid and pulmonsru on the tivht
Bicuspid and aortic on the left
When does ventricular filling become active and not pssivr
Late diastole
Atria contract more during what to match filling of ventricle to ventricular systole
Exercise
What allows blood to pump from the apex
The areangemnet of ventricular muscle fibres
How many pulmonary veins are there and name them
4
Left superior and inferior pul veins (seen on left side view)
Right superior and inferior pul geins (seen infront of right bronchis)
Are pulmonary veins posterior to the hesrt
Yes. You can see them on a posterior ciew of body
When do Av valves force closed
In ventricular systole, the pressure would cause reentru
Whag happens to av valves in ventriculsr systole
Cusps attached to chordae tendinae which attach to papillary muscles - these muscles contract forcing closure of cusps (precejts valve inversion)
When do sl valves close
Diastole, prevents bsckflow into ventricles
What are the aortic sinuses
3 cusp like pockets in sl galves whcih flood with blood at end of systole into diastole this flow and filling of aortic sinuses causes closure of valve in diastole
Explain hesrt sounds
2 sounds. Lub is rhe av valve shut , dub is sl valve shut
What would heart murmur indicate
Blood leaking theough valves abnromally
Which intercostal space is av balves shutting noise heard
5th
Which intercostal space is the dub heard
2nd (now in the superior mediastinum)
Explain the vessels on the anterior view of the hesrt right to left
Right you have right coronary artery, then smaller right cardiac vein and slall cardiac vein
Left far left is the circumflex artery (goes to the left posterior of heart )
Next to that is the left coronary artery
What is the large mass surrounding the middle of the hesrt and the psoterior too
Interventricular groove
What are the areas xalled where atria stick out
Auricles
How many borders of the heart are there
4
What forms the right heart border
Right atrium. From superior to inferior vena cava
What is the inferior border
Horizontal mostly rught ventricle and some left
Whag is the lrgt border
Left ventrcile and some left atria
Ehat is the superior border
Both atria and rhe great vessels
What does the anterior (sternocostal) surface of tje heart mean
Mostly the right ventricle (relates to the sternum nd ribs)
What is the inferior diaphrsgmstic surfsce
Mostly left ventricle, some right. Related to inferior diaphragm
What is the left pulmonsry surfsce of the hesrt
Mostly left ventricle - lateral with legt lung and occupies cardiac depression
Which vertebrae does base of hesrt run from and to and where from
T6-T9
From bifurcation of pulmonary trunk down to atrioventricular groove posterior
What is the base / posterior surfsce mostly
Left atrium
Where does lrft surface/ base extend from
Bifurcation of pul trunk down to the av groove
Where is the apex
Antero- inferiorly to the left
What is the apex posterior to
5th intercostal space in midclabicular line
What is another work for chordae tendineae
Papillary tendon (connects papillary muscles from ventricular myocardium to the cusps of valves)
Which 2 layers of pericardium are continuous with eachother st the roots of aorta and Pul trunk
Visceral and parietal underneath fibrous layer
Why is pulmonary system at low pressure
Prevent fluid build up in the lungs
