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Human Anatomy > Topic 4: CVS 1 > Flashcards

Topic 4: CVS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does mediastinum contain

A

Hollow visceral organs connrcted by loose conndctive tissue (all except lungs)

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum between

A

Sternum/ costal cartilages and the vertebrae

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3
Q

What is superior mediastinum

A

Extends from superior thoracic aperture (top) to the horizontal plane including the sternal angle

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4
Q

Where does the horizontal plane lie

A

T4,T5 junction

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5
Q

What is the sternal angle

A

A joint between the top (manubrium) of the sternum and the body (middle) of the sternum

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6
Q

What is the inferior mediastinum divided into

A

Anterior , middle and posterior

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7
Q

Where does inferior mediastinum extend from

A

Superiorly sternal angle then inferior diaphragm

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8
Q

Which nerve in yhe left of thorax runs infront of the heart

A

Phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What runs behind the toot of the lung on the left thorax (small vessel)

A

Vagus nerve

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10
Q

Where would you put the left subclavian artery if given the left thoracic view

A

Above heart and lung going up (next to left brachiocephalic veins)

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11
Q

What is above the 2 pulmonary veins on the lrgt thoracic view

A

The pulmonary artery (going left)

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12
Q

What are the 2 tubes joint together near both right and left pulmonary veins

A

Bronchus (both views of thorax)

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13
Q

What is seen on the tight mediastinum (larger vessel next to right vagus nerve)

A

Azygos vein

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14
Q

What is the pericardium fibrous tissue fused with

A

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

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15
Q

What blends on the bottom of pericardium

A

Central tendom of the diaphragm

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16
Q

What is the split between left and right pulmonary veins

A

Oblique sinus

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17
Q

What is the top layer of pericsrdium called and what for

A

Fibrous layer. It prevents over expansion of hesrt

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18
Q

What is the next layer in

A

Parietal layer of the serous membrane pericardium

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19
Q

What is between the parietal and cisceral layer of the serous membrnae

A

The pericardial cavity (fluid filled)

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20
Q

Whag is the pericardial cagity for

A

Stop friction when expanding

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21
Q

What is another name of visceral payer of pericardium

A

Epicardium (lines surface of hesrt)

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22
Q

What is visceral layer next to

A

Myocardium with myocytes (the hesrt myscle)

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23
Q

What lines the hesrt chambers

A

Endocardium

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24
Q

What is the systemic circulstion

A

Suplly of blood to every structure excet the lungs which id the pulmonary system

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25
Q

What is the upper psrt of superior vena cava which leand to the left

A

Left subclavian vein

26
Q

What is the right top part of bena cava called which joins the left subclavian vein/brachiocephalic vein

A

Right Brachiocephalic vein

27
Q

Name from right to left the dicisions from aorta

A

Brachiocephalic artery , dividing into the right subclavian artery and right comkon carotid artery

Left has the left subclavian artery then inner to that is the left common carotid artery

28
Q

What separates the atria and ventricles

A

Inter atrial/ventricular septum

29
Q

What are the 4 valves

A

Tricuspid and pulmonsru on the tivht

Bicuspid and aortic on the left

30
Q

When does ventricular filling become active and not pssivr

A

Late diastole

31
Q

Atria contract more during what to match filling of ventricle to ventricular systole

A

Exercise

32
Q

What allows blood to pump from the apex

A

The areangemnet of ventricular muscle fibres

33
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there and name them

A

4
Left superior and inferior pul veins (seen on left side view)

Right superior and inferior pul geins (seen infront of right bronchis)

34
Q

Are pulmonary veins posterior to the hesrt

A

Yes. You can see them on a posterior ciew of body

35
Q

When do Av valves force closed

A

In ventricular systole, the pressure would cause reentru

36
Q

Whag happens to av valves in ventriculsr systole

A

Cusps attached to chordae tendinae which attach to papillary muscles - these muscles contract forcing closure of cusps (precejts valve inversion)

37
Q

When do sl valves close

A

Diastole, prevents bsckflow into ventricles

38
Q

What are the aortic sinuses

A

3 cusp like pockets in sl galves whcih flood with blood at end of systole into diastole this flow and filling of aortic sinuses causes closure of valve in diastole

39
Q

Explain hesrt sounds

A

2 sounds. Lub is rhe av valve shut , dub is sl valve shut

40
Q

What would heart murmur indicate

A

Blood leaking theough valves abnromally

41
Q

Which intercostal space is av balves shutting noise heard

A

5th

42
Q

Which intercostal space is the dub heard

A

2nd (now in the superior mediastinum)

43
Q

Explain the vessels on the anterior view of the hesrt right to left

A

Right you have right coronary artery, then smaller right cardiac vein and slall cardiac vein

Left far left is the circumflex artery (goes to the left posterior of heart )
Next to that is the left coronary artery

44
Q

What is the large mass surrounding the middle of the hesrt and the psoterior too

A

Interventricular groove

45
Q

What are the areas xalled where atria stick out

A

Auricles

46
Q

How many borders of the heart are there

A

4

47
Q

What forms the right heart border

A

Right atrium. From superior to inferior vena cava

48
Q

What is the inferior border

A

Horizontal mostly rught ventricle and some left

49
Q

Whag is the lrgt border

A

Left ventrcile and some left atria

50
Q

Ehat is the superior border

A

Both atria and rhe great vessels

51
Q

What does the anterior (sternocostal) surface of tje heart mean

A

Mostly the right ventricle (relates to the sternum nd ribs)

52
Q

What is the inferior diaphrsgmstic surfsce

A

Mostly left ventricle, some right. Related to inferior diaphragm

53
Q

What is the left pulmonsry surfsce of the hesrt

A

Mostly left ventricle - lateral with legt lung and occupies cardiac depression

54
Q

Which vertebrae does base of hesrt run from and to and where from

A

T6-T9

From bifurcation of pulmonary trunk down to atrioventricular groove posterior

55
Q

What is the base / posterior surfsce mostly

A

Left atrium

56
Q

Where does lrft surface/ base extend from

A

Bifurcation of pul trunk down to the av groove

57
Q

Where is the apex

A

Antero- inferiorly to the left

58
Q

What is the apex posterior to

A

5th intercostal space in midclabicular line

59
Q

What is another work for chordae tendineae

A

Papillary tendon (connects papillary muscles from ventricular myocardium to the cusps of valves)

60
Q

Which 2 layers of pericardium are continuous with eachother st the roots of aorta and Pul trunk

A

Visceral and parietal underneath fibrous layer

61
Q

Why is pulmonary system at low pressure

A

Prevent fluid build up in the lungs

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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