Topic 3: CNS Flashcards
What is part of the cns
Brain and soinal cord where afferent sensory is processed and information relayed by efferent
What are the 2 sides which are identifcal in shape called
Hemispheres
What does the left hemisphere control
Language, logic, numbers
And sensory and motor coordination on right side of body
What does right hemisphere do
Imagination, creativity, rhythm
and sensory snd motor to left side of body
What joins the 2 hemispheres
Neural bridge called corpus callosum
what components are in the forebrain
Cerebral cortex/cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the thalamus in forebrain
Where all inputs to cerebrum supqnse before ascending to cerebrum. Thalamus is posterior to cerebrum
What does the hypothalamus do
Direct Homeostasis of bp, trmp, fluid levels, body weight.
Indirect inputs on hr, Vasoconstriction, figestion snd sweating from ans
Mediate pituitsry gland hormone releases
Whst is the cerebral cortex
Small amount of hrey matter / cell bodies on surface of hemispheres
What increases sa of grey matter/ cerebrum because only small amount most is white matter
Foldings
What are the 6 functions of the cerebral cortex in forebrain
Intelligence Personality Sensory processing Motor function Organisation and planning Touch perception
What is in the hindbrain
Cerebellum (small ball attsched to brain)
Pons
Medulla
From top to bottom what forms the brain stem
Mid brain
Pons
Medulla ar bottom
What runs through brain stem for consciousness
Reticular formation structures
What does midbrain do
Controls hugher functions like eye and auditory system
What is medulla for
Basic functions like breathing and hr
What is pons for
Comscousness and posture
Where does cerebellum sit
Posterior to the brain stem
Explain the structure of cerebellum
Folded tissue connected by 3 peduncles (bands of neurones)
What is the major role of cerebellum
Received sensory inputs ascending and also motor from cerebral cortex and modifies the info
Motor function and learning eg riding a bike. It stores the info too
Controls posture
What does cerebellum do with the sensiry and motor inputs descending frim cerebrum
Modifies it to be appropriate and also posture controlling
What are sulci
Infoldings of the brain which mark lobe boundaries
What is the major sulcus
Central sulcus in middle of brain between pre and post central gyrus
What are gyri
The sticky out bits in between sulci with sreas of grey matter
What sre the 2 major gyri
Post central gyrus / somatosensory cortex
Pre central gyrus / motor cortex
Explain thr brain left to right
Frontal lobe with pre central gyrus
Central sulcus Temporal libe below Parietal lobe and post central gyrus Occiptal wt the back Below cerebellum
Which hemisphere holds touch perception
Both
What is the function of the frontal lobe
Movement , decision making, planning, problem solving
What is pre central gyrus for
Voluntary motor movement
What is parietal libe for (somatosensory cortex)
Recovers and processes snesory info (somatosensory cortex)
What type of sensory info does somatosensory cortex detect
Touch, pain, temp , pressure
What processing does occipital do
Visual
Where does cisual info get further pricessed
Parietal and temporal
What types of things is temporal for
Memory, emotion, hearing and language
What is confained in the temporal lobe
Amygdala, hippocampus, olfsctory
What separates cns from body
Meninges tissues
What are rhe 3 lauers of meninges
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
What id the fluid in menunges covering cns
Csf
Wht epithelial cells produce csf
Chorid plexus
Where do choroid plexus line
Cavities in brain called ventricles
What is csf
Blood plasma lower in proteins, ions and cells.
What ions hugher in csf than plasma due to at
Na mg cl
What does csf circulste thrkugh brain through before exiting to surfsce of brain within meninges
The ventricles of the brain
Where is csf reabsorbed
Arachoid granules
What joins ventricles in brain
Aqueduct passages allowing csf circulation
Where does csf in ventrciles go to cover the spinal cord
Central canal
What happens to info going to the cerebral cortex first in thalamus
Synapses here (posterior/ caudal to it)
What does hypothalamus control directly in homeostasis
Body temp, weight, fluid electrolyte balance, blood pressure
How can it control ans features like vasoconstriction, digestion etc
Receives inputs from medulla
How are most functions achieved by hypothalamus
Stimulation of pituitary gland
What is the cerebral cortex
The outer layer of the cerebrum hemisphere made of grey matter, folded to increase its sa of cell bodies (more white matter than grey)
Is the gyri grey matter functional
Yes
In the medial view of the brain / cut in half what is the lobe under the frontal lobe
Limbic lobe
What is it above
The corpus callosum
How does csf return back to venous blood
Through arachnoid granulations
What do ventricles and their aqueducts allow
Passage of csf to surface of brain in meninges and also to sc through central canal
Which ions does csf have more of than plasma due to active transport
Cl, na and mg
What are the nerves below L1 in adults covered in csf and meninges called
Cauda equina
For lumbar puncture sampling
