Topic 5 - disruptions in concussion Flashcards
why does concussion sometimes cause balance impairments
disruption in communication with some reugalr communication = no smooth signals coming out of the cerebellum so its hard to coordinate all areas to balance properly
what is the most common balance assessment
mBESS
- modified balance error scoring system
- on hard surface
- points for each error to a max of 10 on 3 tests
what is computerised dynamic posturography
can test balance in differen planes (sway referenced vision)
- not common due to equipment and cost
- shows similar results to mBESS
what sensory system is most often affected from concussion
vestibular system
what are the possible mechanisms for vestibular dysfunction following concussion
- peripheral receptors may be damaged and provide inaccurate senses of motion to the brain
- brain centres responsible for central integration of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory info may be impaired
what is the 3 metre tandem gait task and why is it better than the mBESS
walk 3 steps, turn, walk back
more dynamic balance - more appropriate to natural conditions
cheap and easy
(young groups = faster, old groups = slower)
how can the 3 metre tandem gait be made more challenging
adding in a dual task
(cognitive on top of motor task)
(added to scat6 in 2022)
what is the effect of adding in a dual task
by adding in another task, attention has to be split
speed-accuracy tradeoff
- slower with more tasks
we have a cap on attention - faster when we can put all our resources into one thing
what does dual task show in concussion
shows an increase and plateau in speed during recovery but speed remains below the concussion single task and normal single/dual task
the more we challenge the system - the more likely to see subtle changes
what is the difference in gait following concussion
walk slower and wider stance
(shorter and wider steps)
what is the difference in coherence in communication between controls and concusssion
0.8 in controls
0.6 in concussion
what is the potential mechanism for deficit in NM control and inability to divide cortical resources
result of lingering cortical impairments
how does persistent cortical hypoexcitability impact sport mvmt
negatively impact
athletes rely on rapid identification and processing of their ever changing environment and need to react accordingly
what type of accelerations happen in fighting
massive rotational head accelerations that can damage vestibular hair cells and brainstem centres
how is EVS used
used to probe vestibular balance control function
activation of the vestibular nerve results in reflex responses in the legs
sway towards the positive electrode