Topic 5 - disruptions in concussion Flashcards

1
Q

why does concussion sometimes cause balance impairments

A

disruption in communication with some reugalr communication = no smooth signals coming out of the cerebellum so its hard to coordinate all areas to balance properly

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2
Q

what is the most common balance assessment

A

mBESS
- modified balance error scoring system
- on hard surface
- points for each error to a max of 10 on 3 tests

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3
Q

what is computerised dynamic posturography

A

can test balance in differen planes (sway referenced vision)
- not common due to equipment and cost
- shows similar results to mBESS

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4
Q

what sensory system is most often affected from concussion

A

vestibular system

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5
Q

what are the possible mechanisms for vestibular dysfunction following concussion

A
  1. peripheral receptors may be damaged and provide inaccurate senses of motion to the brain
  2. brain centres responsible for central integration of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory info may be impaired
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6
Q

what is the 3 metre tandem gait task and why is it better than the mBESS

A

walk 3 steps, turn, walk back
more dynamic balance - more appropriate to natural conditions
cheap and easy
(young groups = faster, old groups = slower)

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7
Q

how can the 3 metre tandem gait be made more challenging

A

adding in a dual task
(cognitive on top of motor task)

(added to scat6 in 2022)

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8
Q

what is the effect of adding in a dual task

A

by adding in another task, attention has to be split
speed-accuracy tradeoff
- slower with more tasks

we have a cap on attention - faster when we can put all our resources into one thing

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9
Q

what does dual task show in concussion

A

shows an increase and plateau in speed during recovery but speed remains below the concussion single task and normal single/dual task

the more we challenge the system - the more likely to see subtle changes

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10
Q

what is the difference in gait following concussion

A

walk slower and wider stance
(shorter and wider steps)

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11
Q

what is the difference in coherence in communication between controls and concusssion

A

0.8 in controls
0.6 in concussion

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12
Q

what is the potential mechanism for deficit in NM control and inability to divide cortical resources

A

result of lingering cortical impairments

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13
Q

how does persistent cortical hypoexcitability impact sport mvmt

A

negatively impact
athletes rely on rapid identification and processing of their ever changing environment and need to react accordingly

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14
Q

what type of accelerations happen in fighting

A

massive rotational head accelerations that can damage vestibular hair cells and brainstem centres

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15
Q

how is EVS used

A

used to probe vestibular balance control function
activation of the vestibular nerve results in reflex responses in the legs
sway towards the positive electrode

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16
Q

what is coherence vs cumulant density

A

coherence = correlation between EVS and EMG in frequency domain
cumulant density = correlation between EVS and EMG in time domain

17
Q

what is seen as the acute effect on fighters after a fight

A
  • lower response to frequencies
  • later and lower responses
  • transient reduction in EVS evoked response after sparring (less communication and coherence immediately after)

return to baseline 24 hours later