topic 10 - long term effects

Question 1

what are the long term effects of concussion

Answer 1

CTE
parkinsons
alzheimers/dementia
depression
cognitive challenges
retirement from sport
aggression/mood changes

Question 2

do repetitive head impacts cause CTE

Answer 2

NO
lots of other factors that come into play

Question 3

what is the relationship between suicide and long term consequences from concussion

Answer 3

half the rate of suicides compared to gen pop
sport is the lowest link to suicide
- other factors = substance use, family history, ideation, etc

Question 4

what is shown in retired athletes compared to age

Answer 4

mild cognitive impairment, neuroimaging abnormalities and differences in brain metabolism disproportionate to their age

Question 4

how do former athletes report their functioning

Answer 4

similar to gen pop

Question 5

are there indications for retirement

Answer 5

no evidence to support inclusion of any patient or injury specific factors as absolute indications for retirement/discontinued participation in contact/collision sports