topic 13 - risk compensation

Question 1

why do injuries occur

Answer 1

unintended consequences of individual actions in a risky environment

not due to fate or problem behaviour

Question 2

what are the 3 fundamental prevention strategies

Answer 2

persuade persons at risk to change their behaviour

require behaviour change by law or administrative rule

provide automatic protection through product and environmental design

Question 3

how does risk present in people

Answer 3

inherent in psychological makeup

can’t avoid risk, we need it

Question 4

what happens if the perceived risk is above our below our target level on our individual risk thermostat

Answer 4

exceeds target level:
- act to reduce it
below target level:
- attempt to increase risk back to target level through more dangerous actions

Question 5

what are the 4 overarching factors that lead to overall guidance and to principles for action in risk compensation

Answer 5

visibility
effect
motivation
control

Question 6

how does visibility guide risk compensation

Answer 6

how obvious is the change produced by the safety measure

rule 1 - if i don’t know its there, i won’t compensate for the safety measure

Question 7

how does effect guide risk compensation

Answer 7

how does the change affect me, both physically and mentally

rule 2 - if it doesn’t affect me i won’t compensate for the safety measure

Question 8

how does motivation guide risk compensation

Answer 8

what influences my behaviour, motivation during task, economic utility function, psychological needs

rule 3 - if I have no reason to change my behaviour, i won’t compensate for a safety measure

Question 9

how does control guide risk compensation

Answer 9

how much do I control the situation, can I change my actions even if i want to

rule 4 - if my behaviour is tightly controlled, I won’t compensate for the safety measure

Question 10

if people know that helmets protect from head injury why didn’t they wear them

Answer 10

external factors
- perception

Question 11

what is the relationship between ski helmet use and accident cause

Answer 11

didn’t differ significantly between risky and cautious skiers and snowboarders

helmet use did not change the level of risk

Question 12

does equipment change behaviours

Answer 12

no
won’t change behaviours but can impact outcomes