Topic 3 - The Structure Of DNA , The Genome And Extracting DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Where is DNA found?

Answer 2

In the nucleus

Question 3

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 3

Contains genetic material and instructions for the body

Question 4

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 5

• One sugar molecule
• One phosphate molecule
• One of the four types of organic bases

Question 6

What forms the backbone of DNA?

Answer 6

Sugar and phosphate molecules

Question 7

What are the four types of organic bases in DNA?

Answer 7

• A (Adenine)
• C (Cytosine)
• G (Guanine)
• T (Thymine)

Question 8

What are the two components that make up each DNA molecule?

Answer 8

Two DNA strands twisted together

Question 9

What is the term for the pairing of bases in DNA?

Answer 9

Complementary base pairing

Question 10

Which bases pair together in DNA?

Answer 10

• A with T
• C with G

Question 11

What does the order of bases in DNA form?

Answer 11

A genetic code

Question 12

What is the structure formed by two strands of DNA?

Answer 12

Double helix

Question 13

What is a gene?

Answer 13

A short section of DNA that codes for amino acids

Question 14

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 14

20 types

Question 15

What does the term genome refer to?

Answer 15

All the genetic information (DNA) of a single organism

Question 16

What has the study of the human genome improved our understanding of?

Answer 16

• Genes linked to diseases
• Treatment of inherited disorders
• Human migration patterns

Question 17

What household ingredients are needed to extract DNA from fruit?

Answer 17

• 50ml cold water
• Half a teaspoon of salt
• 10ml washing up liquid

Question 18

What temperature should the mixture be heated to when extracting DNA?

Answer 18

50C

Question 19

What fruit is used in the DNA extraction method described?

Answer 19

Kiwi

Question 20

What is the purpose of adding pineapple juice during DNA extraction?

Answer 20

Contains bromelain which breaks down proteins attached to DNA

Question 21

What does the addition of ethanol do in the DNA extraction process?

Answer 21

Causes the DNA to precipitate out of the solution

Question 22

What should be observed after adding ethanol in the DNA extraction process?

Answer 22

A white mass precipitating at the top of the tube

Question 23

Fill in the blank: A gene codes for many _______.

Answer 23

Amino acids

Question 24

True or False: The human genome study has no relevance to the treatment of inherited disorders.

Answer 24

False