Topic 2 - Growth , Differentiation And Cancer Flashcards
What is the primary process by which cell division occurs in animals?
Mitosis
Mitosis is the process that involves a cell dividing to produce 2 identical cells.
What happens to cells in animals after they differentiate?
They lose the ability to differentiate further
Most specialised cells can make more of the same cell through mitosis.
Which type of cells in animals cannot divide and are replaced by adult stem cells?
Red blood cells
Red blood cells lose their nucleus and cannot undergo mitosis.
In mature animals, what is the main reason for cell division?
To repair or replace damaged cells
Mature animals undergo little growth.
What unique process allows plant cells to grow longer in a specific direction?
Elongation
Elongation occurs by absorbing water into vacuoles.
What substances control the elongation process in plant cells?
Auxins
Auxins are hormones that regulate growth in plants.
In plants, when do cells typically differentiate?
When they reach their final position in the plant
Plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.
What is cancer primarily caused by?
Uncontrolled cell division due to small changes in cells
These changes can lead to the formation of a tumour.
What is the group of cells that results from uncontrolled cell division called?
A tumour
Tumours can be benign or malignant, depending on their characteristics.
Fill in the blank: In animals, cell division occurs primarily through _______.
mitosis
True or False: Most specialized cells in animals can differentiate further after specialization.
False
Most specialized cells lose the ability to differentiate further.
What type of cells can replace red blood cells in animals?
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells retain the ability to undergo differentiation.
