Topic 3 - Human Genome Project , Genetic Variation And Mutation Affecting Phenotype

Question 1

What does the word ‘genome’ describe?

Answer 1

All the genetic information of that organism

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

Answer 2

To map the entire human genome

Question 3

Name three benefits of the Human Genome Project.

Answer 3

• Improved understanding of genes linked to diseases
• Helped in the treatment of inherited disorders
• Helped in tracing human migration patterns

Question 4

What is the significance of mapping the human genome?

Answer 4

Better understanding of inherited disorders and gene linkage

Question 5

What causes genetic variation within a population?

Answer 5

Random mutation

Question 6

How can genetic mutations affect phenotype?

Answer 6

Varying effects; most have no effect, some have small effects, rarely can significantly affect

Question 7

True or False: Most mutations affect the phenotype.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Where do most mutations occur that have no effect on phenotype?

Answer 8

In non-coding DNA

Question 9

What can a single base change in DNA potentially alter?

Answer 9

One amino acid in a protein

Question 10

How can changing one amino acid in an enzyme affect its function?

Answer 10

It can change the shape of the active site, preventing substrate binding

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Genetic mutation can have _______ effects on the phenotype.

Answer 11

[varying]