Topic 2 - Mitosis And Its Importance Flashcards
What contains your genetic information?
The nucleus
The nucleus contains chromosomes that hold genetic material.
What are chromosomes made of?
Coils of DNA
Chromosomes are structures that package DNA in the cell.
What is a gene?
A short section of DNA that codes for a protein
Genes control characteristics by coding for specific proteins.
How many pairs of chromosomes are in each human cell?
23 pairs
This results in a total of 46 chromosomes in each body cell.
What is the total number of chromosomes in human gametes?
23 chromosomes
Gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg cells) with half the chromosome count.
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
46
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?
23
Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, typical of gametes.
What is mitosis?
A step in the cell cycle when the cell divides
Mitosis is essential for growth, development, and asexual reproduction.
What happens during interphase?
Cell growth, organelle increase, protein synthesis, DNA replication, energy store increase
Interphase prepares the cell for division.
What occurs during mitosis?
Chromosomes line up at the equator and are pulled to either side
This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm and cell membranes
This results in the formation of two identical daughter cells.
Why is mitosis important in multicellular organisms?
For growth, development, and replacing damaged cells
Mitosis also plays a role in asexual reproduction.
How many daughter cells are produced by mitosis?
2 daughter cells
Each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell.
True or False: Mitosis produces genetically different daughter cells.
False
Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
