Topic 1 - Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Cell Functions

Question 1

What are the two types of cells that all living things are made of?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 2

What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

List the components of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 3

• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus containing DNA

Question 4

What type of cells are bacterial cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic

Question 5

What are the components of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Single circular strand of DNA
• Plasmids (small rings of DNA)

Question 6

What are organelles?

Answer 6

Structures in a cell that have different functions

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells

Question 8

What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?

Answer 8

Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur

Question 9

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 10

Where do aerobic respiration reactions occur in a cell?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Where protein synthesis occurs

Question 12

Where are ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

On a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur is called _______.

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

True or False: Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 15

Where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigment which harvests light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 16

What pigment is found in chloroplasts that makes them green?

Answer 16

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is crucial for harvesting light for photosynthesis.

Question 17

What is the role of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 17

Contains cell sap and improves cell’s rigidity

The vacuole helps maintain turgor pressure, which is essential for plant structure.

Question 18

What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 18

Made from cellulose

The cell wall provides strength to the cell and is also present in algal cells.

Question 19

What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?

Answer 19

Prokaryotic

Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus and share fewer similarities with animal and plant cells.

Question 20

What is the structure that allows bacterial cells to move?

Answer 20

Flagella

Flagella are long, thin ‘whip-like’ tails attached to bacteria.

Question 21

What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 21

Provides structure and protection

The bacterial cell wall is made of a different compound called peptidoglycan.

Question 22

What type of DNA do bacterial cells contain?

Answer 22

Chromosomal DNA (circular) and plasmids

Plasmids are small rings of DNA that code for extra genes.

Question 23

Where is the chromosomal DNA located in bacterial cells?

Answer 23

Floats in the cytoplasm

Bacterial cells lack a nucleus, so their DNA is not enclosed.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The cell wall of bacterial cells is made of _______.

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan

Question 25

True or False: Bacterial cells contain organelles similar to those in animal and plant cells.

Answer 25

False

Bacterial cells have fewer similarities in organelles compared to animal and plant cells.