Topic 1 - Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Cell Functions Flashcards
What are the two types of cells that all living things are made of?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What type of cells are animal and plant cells?
Eukaryotic
List the components of eukaryotic cells.
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus containing DNA
What type of cells are bacterial cells?
Prokaryotic
What are the components of prokaryotic cells?
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Single circular strand of DNA
- Plasmids (small rings of DNA)
What are organelles?
Structures in a cell that have different functions
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells
What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?
Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Where do aerobic respiration reactions occur in a cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs
Where are ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?
On a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Fill in the blank: The liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur is called _______.
Cytoplasm
True or False: Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
False
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigment which harvests light needed for photosynthesis.
What pigment is found in chloroplasts that makes them green?
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is crucial for harvesting light for photosynthesis.
What is the role of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?
Contains cell sap and improves cell’s rigidity
The vacuole helps maintain turgor pressure, which is essential for plant structure.
What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?
Made from cellulose
The cell wall provides strength to the cell and is also present in algal cells.
What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?
Prokaryotic
Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus and share fewer similarities with animal and plant cells.
What is the structure that allows bacterial cells to move?
Flagella
Flagella are long, thin ‘whip-like’ tails attached to bacteria.
What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?
Provides structure and protection
The bacterial cell wall is made of a different compound called peptidoglycan.
What type of DNA do bacterial cells contain?
Chromosomal DNA (circular) and plasmids
Plasmids are small rings of DNA that code for extra genes.
Where is the chromosomal DNA located in bacterial cells?
Floats in the cytoplasm
Bacterial cells lack a nucleus, so their DNA is not enclosed.
Fill in the blank: The cell wall of bacterial cells is made of _______.
Peptidoglycan
True or False: Bacterial cells contain organelles similar to those in animal and plant cells.
False
Bacterial cells have fewer similarities in organelles compared to animal and plant cells.
