Topic 3 - Genetics - Definitions And Concepts Flashcards
What is an allele?
A version of a gene.
Define amino acids.
Small molecules from which proteins are assembled.
What is an anticodon?
A triplet sequence of bases on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA.
What type of reproduction is asexual reproduction?
A form of reproduction involving a single parent that creates genetically identical offspring.
What is a base triplet?
A sequence of three bases in a gene that codes for a particular amino acid.
What are the blood groups classified as?
A, B, or O based on surface antigens on red blood cells and the presence of certain antibodies in the plasma.
What is a chromosome?
A long, coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
Define coding DNA.
A sequence of DNA that codes for the production of a protein.
What is codominance?
When both alleles for a gene in a heterozygous organism equally contribute to the phenotype.
What is complementary base pairing?
Describes how weak hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs.
What does detergent do in DNA extraction?
A chemical that is used to disrupt cell membranes.
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome.
Define DNA.
A double-stranded polymer, wound to form a double helix, that carries the genetic code.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a triplet sequence of bases on a tRNA molecule.
anticodon
True or False: A base triplet is also known as a codon.
True
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that is always expressed. Represented by a capital letter.
Define environmental variation.
Differences in phenotype acquired during the lifespan of an organism due to environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, climate, exposure to light.
What is a family pedigree?
A chart used to show the inheritance of genetic disorders in a family.
What occurs during fertilisation?
The fusion of the nucleus of male and female gametes, restoring the full chromosome number.
What are gametes?
Sex cells (sperm and egg cells) with half the usual number of chromosomes.
Define a gene.
A length of DNA on a chromosome that codes for the production of a specific protein.