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Oral Biology > Tooth Wear and Occlusion > Flashcards

Tooth Wear and Occlusion Flashcards

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1
Q

what makes up the articulatory system

A

temperomandibular joint
occlusion
muscles of mastication

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2
Q

what is the masticatory system

A

the articulatory system

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3
Q

describe the design of occlusal surfaces

A

intricately designed to fit together in occlusion
crucial for effective mastication and proper alignment of the teeth

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4
Q

which cusp has a tuburcle of carabeli in 60% of people

A

the mesio palatal on upper sixes

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5
Q

describe the occlusion of first molars

A

upper mesio palatal cusp fits in the central fossa on the lower

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6
Q

what are the most important cusps in relation to occlusion

A

lower buccal and upper palatal

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7
Q

why is it important that there is precise alignment of cusp tips, ridges and slopes between opposing teeth

A

to ensure efficient mastication and prevent the undue stress on individual teeth
this alignment plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the articulatory system

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8
Q

which features of occlusal surfaces are the most important in relation to stable occlusion

A

cusp tips
ridges
slopes

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9
Q

what must be considered when studying occluion

A

the close interrelationship between the articulation of the teeth and the muscles of mastication and the temperomandibular joint

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10
Q

what does occlusion mean

A

how the teeth fit together

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11
Q

what is static occlusion

A

how the teeth fit together when biting

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12
Q

what is dynamic occlusion

A

how the teeth fit together when sliding the mandible from side to side

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13
Q

what is jaw function

A

chewing

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14
Q

what is jaw parafunction

A

when we clench and grind teeth

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15
Q

what are the other terms to refer to dynamic occlusion

A

lateral or protrusive movements
eccentric movements

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16
Q

what is jaw protrusion

A

moving it forward - part of dynamic occlusion

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17
Q

what are the other terms to refer to static occlusion

A

centric occlusion
habitual bite
maximum intercuspation
intercuspal position

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18
Q

what are mandibulare eccentric movements

A

the sideways movement of the mandible from a centric position

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19
Q

what is canine guidance

A

this is when we try to move our jaw from side to side and the only tooth contact area is between canines

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20
Q

what is group function when sliding the mandible

A

when the canines touch as well as some of the posterior teeth

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21
Q

how do we mark the occlusal contacts

A

use of articulating papers

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22
Q

describe articulating papers

A

ink paper in different colours and thicknesses (the thinner the better).
held using miller forceps
ask patient to tap their teeth for static occlusion or slide them for dynamic
leaves dots or lines on the teeth to show where they occlude

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23
Q

what are miller forceps used for

A

securing the entire length of the articulating papers

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24
Q

why are there different colours of articulating papers

A

to identify specific tooth contacts and allow comparisons to be made

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25
Q

why do we use miller forceps rather than just holding articulating paper

A

the paper will crumple and we will not get the occlusal contact of the most posterior tooth if we just hold it

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26
Q

what is the most common holder for articulating paper

A

millers forceps

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27
Q

describe bite check articulating film

A

has a disposable holder, allows for no risk of biting the holder, handle holds the film flat so there is no curling
thin film to mark the high points accurately
available in double sided

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28
Q

why do we prefer thin articulating paper over thick

A

using thin paper minimises contact artefacts and clearly indicates tooth contact and details

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29
Q

why should teeth be dried

A

to allow articulating papers to mark the teeth

30
Q

what is the ideal intercuspal position contact

A

small and discrete

31
Q

what does it mean if there are broad ICP contacts

A

there are underlying occlusal problems

32
Q

what are wear facets

A

type of non carious lesion that occurs when teeth rub against each other too much

33
Q

how do patients interact with articulating paper for dynamic occlusion

A

slide on the paper

34
Q

how do patients interact with articulating paper for static occlusion

A

tap the paper

35
Q

what is a fish eye from articulating paper

A

this is where the colour has been squeezed out, and indicates a high contact point
this will need to be adjusted as it can cause fracturing

36
Q

why are high contact points risky in restorations

A

can fracture the restorations as they are weaker

37
Q

what is indicated by this picture

A

heavy occlusal pressure concentrated on the lingual inclinations and lingual cusps
these premature contact areas can lead to cracks in the teeth due to excessive forces on the cusps of the tooth
sensitivity can be due to large contact areas that create pressure on the cusp, leading to a crack.

38
Q

what are the supporting cusps in occlusal stability (posterior teeth)

A

mandibular buccal and maxillary palatal

39
Q

what are the non supporting cusps in stable posterior occlusion

A

mandibular lingual and maxillary buccal

40
Q

what is an important note when referencing stable occlusion

A

cusp must be on a fossa or marginal ridge
if there is a cusp incilne, then it is not stable
cannot have the cusp on the incline

41
Q

what is tripodisation

A

this is when the reciprocal incline contacts the antagonist.
there are three points of contact around the cusp

42
Q

what is the proper definition for receprical incline contacts

A

each centric cusp contacting an opposing fossa has three reciprocating contact areas

43
Q

what happens if there is no occlusal contact

A

the antagonist will over erupt and move to try and find contact
this is fine for stable occlusion but it causes interference in dynamic occlusion

44
Q

is a single contact point bad

A

yes, because it allows unwanted tilting and overeruption

45
Q

what happens if a restoration is overcarved

A

lack of contact with the antagonist, after a time it will shift to make a more stable occlusal position to reestablish contact
ICP is now stable, mediotrusive contact is interfered with

46
Q

why is it important to avoid occlusal contacts on tooth restorative interfaces

A

dental restorative materals, while durable, may not withstand the full force of occlusion over time as well as natural tooth enamel.
excessive pressure can lead to materal fracture or debonding
restorative material is not as strong as enamel

47
Q

describe T scans

A

a digital tool used to analyse occlusal forces
provides detailed understanding of the patients bite and how their teeth come together
thin, 60 micron pressure sensor.
usually plots more contact points than usual due to digital artefacts

48
Q

how do t scans show occlusion

A

showing how much pressure is exerted in each point of contact

49
Q

why are flat restorations bad

A

no contact between the restoration and the antagonist, leading to overeruption of anatagonist tooth and inferene in mesioprotrusion

50
Q

what is infra occlusion

A

tooth is out of occlusion

51
Q

what is shimstock foil used for

A

checking the firmness of the occlusal contacts in comparison with those on the selected index teeth
no ink, just checks how firm the occlusion is

52
Q

how does the shimstock check the occlusal contacts

A

if it pulls out, there is no contact. if it stays, there is

53
Q

what is shimstock

A

a metal foil used for occlusal testing

54
Q

what is the thickness of shimstock

A

8 microns

55
Q

describe shimstock foil use in crown preparation

A

when you fit a crown, both restoration and adjacent teeth should hold shimstock firmly in ICP

56
Q

describe the shimstock contacts of anterior teeth

A

light

57
Q

how to test if crown occlusion is stable

A

shimstock holds when crowns are not in the mouth and when the crowns are in the mouth

58
Q

what are the dots on articulation

A

static occlusion

59
Q

what are the lines on articulation

A

dynamic occlusion

60
Q

describe canine guidance

A

lower canines guide the mandible during lateral excursions of the jaw
this means the jaw moves to the side, and the contact between the upper and lower canines prevents the posterior teeth from touching

61
Q

what is posterior teeth disclusion

A

they are not touching

62
Q

what is group function occlusion

A

multiple contact relations between the maxillary and mandibular teeth in lateral movements (including canines)

63
Q

when is occlusion important

A

reduce the risk of fracture, wear and failure of the tooth and restoration

64
Q

describe the link between mechanoreceptors and occlusion

A

mechoreceptors can detect half the thickness of a human hair, and this should not be disturbed as it is very sensitive.
another reason is to ensure there is correct occlusion

65
Q

why is amalgam being phased out

A

bad for the environment (not bad for the patient)

66
Q

describe ceramic inlays

A

made in the lab and then cemented on to the patient. it needs to fit the same occlusion or the tooth can fracture

67
Q

what is bruxism

A

tooth grinding and clenching - can fracture restorations if they have poor occlusion conformation

68
Q

what is the conformative approach to restorative dentistry

A

consideration of the occlusal scheme is made according to the patients existing intercuspal position
new restorations are provided in harmony with the existing jaw relationships

69
Q

why are dental loupes useful to have

A

facilitates the removal of excess and reduce the risk of damage to marginal enamel

70
Q

what should the head tilt angle be for the ergonomic working posture

A

less than 25 degrees

71
Q

what are condys

A

joints that rotate when we move the mandible from side to side

Oral Biology (23 decks)

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