salivary proteins Flashcards
function of amylase
enzyme activated by chloride ions, requires calcium ions as well
hydrolyses 1-4 alpha starch glycosidic links on maltose, maltriose and alpha limit dextrins
defence role
present in most mucosal gland secretions
describe lysozyme
also known as muramidase
- non specific defence
- present in saliva, tears, vaginal mucous
- attacks bonds in the bacterial cell walls to cause lysis
lactoperoxidase
also known as sialoperoxidase
enzyme from the salivary glands and some bacteria, catalyses the reaction where hydrogen peroxide bceomes water and oxygen
antibacterial action by producing hypothiocyanate
describe cystatins
inhibit cysteine proteases, especially in bacteria
antimicrobial function
describe gustin
carbonic anhydrase 6
zinc containing protein, reported to facilitate taste function by activating taste buds
mechanism is uncertain
potent PDE5 activator - cause vasoconstriction?
describe histatins
histidine rich proteins, inhibit the precipitation of calcium phosphate
antimicrobial
inhibits candida albicans and step mutans
describe immunoglobins
produced from the plasma cells in the salivary glands
secretory IgA is the main one
confers specific immunity against bacteria and forms the basis of vaccination vs strep mutans
describe lactoferrin
iron binding protein
binds iron ions
antibacterial
especially important in fighting bacteria that require iron ions
describe lipase
produced from von ebner glands on the tongue
lingual lipase
hydrolyses triglycerides
also can assit in the digestion of milk
describe mucoproteins
this is mucin
carbohydrate protein macromolecule
binds to the tooth and epithelial surface, has a protective role, lubricates and is the component of the primary pelllicle
affects bacterial adhesion
promotes bacterial aggregation to aid clearance in the mouth
describe proline rich proteins
these inhibit the growth of calcium phosphate crystals
adsorb onto hydroxyapatite to act as a diffusion barrier, decrease mineral loss, resist acid attack, allow for remineralisation.
regulates bacterial attachment.
describe statherins
prevent precipitation of calcium phosphate from saliva
saliva is supersaturated with calcium and phosphate so this has an anticalculus action
describe plasma derived substances
plasma spill over products in the saliva
proteins like albumins
blood group substances
immunoglobins like IgG and IgA
hormones
drugs
describe the unconditioned salivary stimuli
mechanical is pressure on the PDL and oral mucosa
chemical is gustation, olfaction and common chemical sense
