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Oral Biology > Pulp Morphology > Flashcards

Pulp Morphology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the lateral communication found in root canals and in which teeth are they found

A

this is anastomosis in the form of fins or accessory canals
even roots with a single canal will have lateral and accessory canals leaving the main canal, but it occurs when two canals exist in the same root.

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2
Q

what does the pulp chamber in the coronal cavity of the tooth consist of

A

a single cavity with projections called pulp horns into the cusp of the tooth

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3
Q

what happens to the pulp chamber as we age and why

A

it reduces due to the formation of secondary dentine, which can be physiological or pathological in origin

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4
Q

where are the entrances to root canals found

A

on the floor of the pulp chamber, usually below the centre of the cusp tips

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5
Q

what is the shape of the root canals when viewed on cross section

A

ovoid, with the greatest diameter at the orifice or just below it

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6
Q

what is the shape of root canals when viewing in a longitudinal section

A

broader buccolingually than in the mesiodistal plane
canals taper toward the apex and follow the external outline of the tooth

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7
Q

where is the narrowest part of the root canal found

A

the apical constriction that opens out as the apical foramen and exits to one side

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8
Q

what do the lateral canals form

A

channels of communicati9ns between the main body of the root canal and the periodontal ligament space
arise anywhere along its length at right angles to the main canal

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9
Q

why do lateral and accessory canals develop

A

due to a break in hertwigs epithelial root sheath or during development if the sheath grows around existing blood vessels

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10
Q

how many central incisors have accessory canals

A

60%

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11
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary central incisor

A
  • one canal usually
  • straight and tapering
  • curves labially or palatally at the apical third of the root
  • narrowing of the lumen at the cervical level
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12
Q

describe the access cavity for the maxillary central incisor

A

inverted triangle shape cut at the base of the cingulum to give a straight line of access

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13
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary lateral incisor

A
  • one canal, shorter than central, straight and tapering
  • apical third curves distally
  • very fine canal with thin walls
  • narrowing of canal apical third level
  • more palatally placed
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14
Q

describe the access cavity for the maxillary lateral incisor

A

inverted triangle at the base of the cingulum

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15
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary canine

A
  • oval canal that is spacious during instrumentation
  • sudden narrowing at apical 2-3mm
  • apex curves labially which makes determining length difficult
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16
Q

describe the access cavity for the maxillary canine

A

oval

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17
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary first premolar

A
  • one to three root variation
  • almost always two canals present even when exiting through a common apical foramen
  • apical third can curve sharply buccally, palatally, mesially or distally.
  • buccal root can subdivide into two canals in the apical third
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18
Q

describe the access cavity for the maxillary first premolar

A

oval access cavity cut between the cusp tips and is wider buccopalatally than mesiodistally

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19
Q

what is the most difficult tooth root canal to treat

A

maxillary first premolar as the canal system can be complex

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20
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary second premolar

A

40% single canal in single root
58% two canals
apical third can curve considerably distally or buccally. distal is more common.

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21
Q

describe the access cavity for the maxillary second premolar

A

similar to first premolar; oval between the cusp tips, wider buccopalatally than mesiodistally

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22
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary first molar

A
  • three roots
  • palatal is the longest and the mesiobuccal and distobuccal are slightly shorter
  • canals of the mesiobuccal root are fine and difficult to negotiate
  • anastomosis between the two canals can take the form of narrow canals or wide fins, the curvature of the roots can be difficult to visualise from radiographs
  • second mesiobuccal canal can be superimposed on the primary mesiobuccal canal
  • palatal root curves toward the buccal aspect and appears shorter on radiograph
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23
Q

describe the access cavity for the maxillary first molar

A

enlarged version of the shape of the actual pulp chamber, flared up on the mesiobuccal aspect of the occlusal surface to accommodate the angle of the instrument approach when working at the back of the mouth

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24
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary second molar

A

smaller and shorter than the first molar, usually has three canals but the roots can be fused

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25
Q

describe the access cavity of the maxillary second molar

A

enlarged version of the pulp chamber shape, flared up on the mesiobuccal aspect of the occlusal surface to accommodate the angle of instrument approach during treatment

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26
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the maxillary third molar

A

morphology can vary considerably, and is best expored with a wide access cavity and the direct vision of the individual canal anatomy

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27
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the mandibular central and lateral incisors

A
  • lateral is a little longer than the central
  • 40% have two root canals
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28
Q

describe the access cavity for the mandibular central and lateral incisors

A

oval in shape and commences just above the cingulum, almost notching the lingual incisal edge

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29
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the mandibular canine

A

root is not as long as the maxilla but otherwise the features are the same

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30
Q

describe the access cavity for the mandibular canine

A

oval

31
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the mandibular first premolar

A

the way the second canal branches can cause difficulty with instrumentation and occasionally the canal can terminate with an extensive delta

32
Q

describe the access cavity of the mandibular first premolar

A

oval access between the cusp tips

33
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the mandibular second premolar

A

can sometimes have a sharp distal curve
if not then it is much easier to treat than the mandibular first premolar

34
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the mandibular first molar

A
  • most heavily restored tooth in adult dentition
  • frequent candidate for root canal restoration
  • two roots and three canals
  • there are two canals in the mesial root and one large oval canal in the distal root
  • one third of these molars have four canals, most of the time they have two roots; one mesial and one distal, but sometimes it can have two mesial and one distal
35
Q

which canal in the mandibular first molar shows the most curvature

A

the mesiobuccal canal

36
Q

describe the access cavity for the mandibular first molar

A

represents the shape of the pulp chamber, and is flared up on the mesiobuccal aspect for the angle of the instrument as it approaches

37
Q

describe the features of the root canal in the mandibular second molar

A
  • similar to the mandibular first molar
  • more compact, the mesial canals tend to lie closer together and the incidence of two canals is much lower
  • tooth is more susceptible to vertical fracture, and root canals may join in a buccal fin to give a c shaped canal
38
Q

describe the access cavity of the mandibular second molar

A

represents the shape of the pulp chamber and is flared on the mesiobuccal aspect for the angle of the instrument approach

39
Q

describe the access cavity for the mandibular third molar

A

large access cavity allows for direct visualisation of the floor of the pulp chamber to enable the canal orifice to be identified.

40
Q

describe the features of the mandibular third molar

A

irregular canal configuration in adult dentition
mesial inclination makes treatment easier
not too difficult to locate the canal orifices, but the degree of curvature of the apical half of the root canal system is often pronounced
apex is poorly developed and lies close to the inferior alveolar canal

41
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 1

A

22.5mm

42
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 2

A

22mm

43
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 3

A

26.5mm

44
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 4

A

20.6mm

45
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 5

A

21.5mm

46
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 6

A

20.8mm

47
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 7

A

20mm

48
Q

how long is the root on the maxillary 8

A

17mm

49
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 1

A

20.7mm

50
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 2

A

20.7mm

51
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 3

A

25.6mm

52
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 4

A

21.6mm

53
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 5

A

22.3mm

54
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 6

A

21mm

55
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 7

A

19.8mm

56
Q

how long is the root on the mandibular 8

A

18.5mm

57
Q

what is the portion of pulp in the crown referred to

A

coronal pulp or the pulp chamber

58
Q

what is the portion of pulp in the root of the tooth called

A

radicular, root, pulp canal or root canal

59
Q

what shape does the root canal system follow for each tooth

A

the general outline of the crown and the root

60
Q

where are the entrances to the root canals found

A

the floor of the pulp chamber

61
Q

what happens in periapical periodontitis

A

the bacteria will enter the apical portion of a tooth’s tip

62
Q

what does root canal treatment involve

A

removing the microbial contamination of the entire root canal system

63
Q

what are pulp horns

A

projections or prolongations in the roof of pulp chambers

64
Q

are pulp horns more common in older or younger teeth

A

younger

65
Q

how does the pulp chamber and canal change in young to old dentition

A

with age there is a reduction in the size of the chamber due to the formation of secondary dentine, which can be either physiological or pathological in origin

66
Q

describe the pulp cavity in a labiolingual section of a central incisor

A

pulp cavity will follow the general outline of the crown and root

67
Q

describe the pulp cavity in a mesiodistal section of an upper central incisor

A

the pulp cavity tapers rather evenly along its entire length until reaching the apical constriction

68
Q

describe the pulp outline in a midroot section of the upper central incisor

A

outline form of the root at the cervical level is triangular with rounded corners, pulp cavity is widest at the cervical level
pulp chamber is centred within the dentine of the root

69
Q

where is the narrowest part of the root canal found

A

apical constriction

70
Q

how can a root canal end

A

in a delta of small canals

71
Q

what is the function of lateral and accessory canals

A

form channels of communication between the main body of the root canal and the periodontal ligament space
arise anywhere along its length at right angles to the main canal

72
Q

why do lateral and accessory canals develop

A

due to a break in HERs or due to the sheath growing around existing blood vessels

73
Q

what is anastomisis of root canals

A

this is where two canals exist within the same root lateral communication in the form of fins or accessory canals occuring between them

74
Q

how may root canals in upper first molar

A

four
there is a mesiobuccal canal present in over 60% of cases
failure to consider pulp morphology when preparing the canals may result in inappropriate root canal treatment

Oral Biology (27 decks)

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