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Oral Biology > Development of the Teeth > Flashcards

Development of the Teeth Flashcards

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1
Q

what is making the potential for dentures to become redundant

A

stem cell research is being undertaken to develop tooth germs that could be implanted in mouths
these could be grown to replace missing teeth

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2
Q

what are the three primary embyronic layers that all body tissues develop from

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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3
Q

which embryonic layer is enamel derived from

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

what are all the parts of the teeth and supporting structures derived from apart from the enamel

A

the ectomesenchyme

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5
Q

what is the ectomesenchyme part of

A

the neural crest which develops bside the primitive nervous system developed from the ectoderm

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6
Q

what do teeth develop from

A

tooth germs

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7
Q

what is the neural crest

A

a fourth cell type that forms between the ectoderm and the neural tube

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8
Q

what is the neural crest tissue called

A

the ectomesenchyme

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9
Q

what does the neural crest tissue migrate to form

A

the developing face and jaws

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10
Q

what are the stages in tooth development

A
  • initiation
  • morphogenesis
  • cytodifferentiation
  • matrix secretion
  • root formation
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11
Q

at what point does the primary epithelial band develop

A

6 weeks

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12
Q

what is the stomadoaeum

A

a thickening in the epithelium of the embryonic mouth

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13
Q

when does the dental lamina form

A

7 weeks of interuterine life

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14
Q

what is PEB

A

the primary epithelial band

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15
Q

what happens to the primary epithelial band at week 7

A
  • grows into the jaw and divided into two parts
  • vestibular lamina
  • dental lamina
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16
Q

what is the vestibular lamina

A

this breaks down to form the buccal sulcus

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17
Q

what is the dental lamina

A

this is where the enamel organ develops

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18
Q

what do the vestibular lamina and dental lamina have in common

A

they are derived from the primary epithelial band

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19
Q

how can the shape of the dental lamina be described

A

horse shoe shaped

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20
Q

what is the bud stage

A

the enamel organ formation

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21
Q

when does the bud stage occur

A

at 8-10 weeks of interuterine life

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22
Q

what does the dental lamina thicken to become

A

the bud stage enamel organ

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23
Q

what is the dental papilla

A

an ectomesenchymal condensation

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24
Q

when does the cap stage occur

A

11 weeks interuterine life

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25
Q

what are the main stages to the formation of the enamal organ

A

bud > cap > bell

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26
Q

describe the cap stage

A

the enamel organ forms a cap over the dental papilla
there is now an external and internal enamel epithelium, which meet at the cerivcal loop

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27
Q

when does the enamel organ bell stage occur

A

14 weeks inter uterine life

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28
Q

what occurs in the bell stage of the enamel organ

A

more cell layers are differentiated and the tooth shape begins to be defined

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29
Q

what are the four cell layers of the bell stage enamel organ

A
  • stratum intermedium
  • stellate reticulum
  • internal enamel epithelium
  • external enamel epithelium
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30
Q

when does the permanent tooth germ appear and how

A

12th week, as an extension on the lingual side of the dental lamina

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31
Q

what is the extension that forms on the lingual side of the dental lamina at 12 weeks

A

the dental lamina for the permanent successor

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32
Q

when does the first permanent molar gern develop as a backward extension of the dental lamina

A

week 16

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33
Q

when does the late bell stage occur

A

18 weeks interuterine life

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34
Q

describe the late bell stage of the enamal organ

A
  • crown shape is well defined
  • apposition of the enamel and dentine begins
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35
Q

when does the crown shape of a tooth become well defined

A

at 18 weeks in the late bell stage of the enamel organ

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36
Q

what forms the odontoblasts

A

dental papilla cells found adjacent to the internal enamel epithelium differentiate to become the odontoblasts

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37
Q

function of odontoblasts in dentine formation

A

they lay down the dentine matrix, which is later mineralised

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38
Q

do odontoblasts or ameloblasts come first

A

the odontoblasts. once dentine formation begins the ameloblasts form

39
Q

what forms the ameloblasts

A

the internal enamel epithelial cells differentiate into ameloblasts

40
Q

what is the dentine matrix composed mainly of

A

collagen

41
Q

what is predentine

A

unmineralised dentine

42
Q

what causes the mineralisation of dentine

A

hydroxyapatite

43
Q

how mineralised is enamel

A

96%

44
Q

what are the two stages of enamel formation

A
  • protein matrix depositied
  • organic part removed, mineralisation complete
45
Q

how mineralised is the protein matrix of enamel before maturation

A

30%

46
Q

do ameloblasts remain the same throughout enamel formation

A

no, their form and function changes several times

47
Q

describe ameloblast differentiation

A
  • dentine induces the internal enamel epithelial cells to differentiate into ameloblasts
  • they elongate, become columnar
  • the nucleus migrates to the basal end of the cell
48
Q

describe the secretory phase of amelogenesis

A
  • ameloblasts become secretory cells
  • they synthesise and secrete the enamel matrix proteins
  • the matrix is then partially mineralised
49
Q

what are amelogenins

A

the enamel matrix proteins

50
Q

in the secretory phase how mineralised is the enamel

A

30%

51
Q

describe the maturation phase of amelogenesis

A
  • most of the matrix proteins are removed
  • mineral content of the enamel is increased
  • mature enamel is 95% mineral
52
Q

describe the protection phase of amelogenesis

A
  • ameloblasts regress to form a protective layer called the reduced enamel epithelium
  • involved in eruption
  • formation of epithelial attachment (junctional epithelium)
53
Q

does crown formation complete before or after the beginning of root formation

A

before

54
Q

what is responsible for mapping out the shape of the crown

A

the enamel organ
the cervical loop is where the internal and external enamel epithelia meet, and the migration of this loop maps out the crown shape

55
Q

where do the external and internal enamel epitheliums meet

A

at the cervical loop

56
Q

what is hetwigs epithelial root sheath

A

the apical growth of the cervical loop, with two layers

57
Q

how many cell layers on the root sheath

A

two

58
Q

how many layers on the enamel organ

A

four

59
Q

what induces the formation of the root dentine

A

the hertwigs epithelial root sheath

60
Q

describe root formation

A
  • HERS induces the formation of root dentine
  • once this initial layer of root dentine is formed, HERS breaks up as there is no enamel in the root
  • remains of the HERS are the cell rests of malassez which can become cysts
  • mesenchymal cells from the follicle contact the dentine and differentiate into cementoblasts
  • fibres from the developing periodontal ligament are embedded in the cementum
61
Q

what type of tissue is the enamel organ

A

epithelium

62
Q

what type of tissue is the dental papilla

A

ectomesenchyme

63
Q

what type of tissue is the dental follicle

A

ectomesenchyme

64
Q

what is the origin of the enamel organ

A

ectoderm

65
Q

what is the origin of the dental papilla

A

neural crest

66
Q

what is the origin of the dental papilla

A

neural crest

67
Q

what is the origin of the dental follicle

A

neural crest

68
Q

what are the products of the enamel organ

A

enamel

69
Q

what are the products of the dental papilla

A

dentine and pulp

70
Q

what are the products of the dental follicle

A

cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone

71
Q

what are some different dental development disorders

A
  • hypodontia
  • supernumerary
  • gemination
  • fusion
  • dentinogenesis imperfecta
72
Q

which features of teeth can be defective

A
  • their presence - some are absent
  • number
  • size
  • shape
  • structure
  • eruption
73
Q

how does the neural crest migrate

A

from the neural groove, they migrate via the brachial arches to the front portion to form the face, including the teeth

74
Q

where does the primary epithelial bed form

A

within the stomadaeum as there is the thickening of the cells

75
Q

where does the primary epithelial band grow

A

in the jaw

76
Q

what is the dental lamina

A

a horse shoe shape of structures through the somatodaeum

77
Q

when do tooth germs form in the dental lamina

A

at 8 weeks

78
Q

what is morphogenesis

A

when the tooth gains shape, begins in the bud stage of the enamel organ development

79
Q

why is it called the bud stage

A

the appendices of the epithelial cells looks like a bud

80
Q

what is the dental papilla in the bud stage of the enamel organ

A

the ectomesenchymal concentration which then becomes the internal tissues of the tooth

81
Q

what is cytodifferentiation

A

this is when the cells become specialised

82
Q

what is the sinusoidal shape

A

the bell shape of the enamel organ in the cytodifferentiation stage

83
Q

what do enamel and dentine have in common

A

they are both formed from an organic matrix produced by the cells that form them

84
Q

where is the formation of dentine and enamel initiated

A

the dental papilla

85
Q

where does the formation of dentine and enamel finish

A

at the internal enamel epithelium

86
Q

where are the projections of the odontoblasts

A

in the space of the predentine matrix

87
Q

what does mineralisation of dentine require

A

hydroxyapatite

88
Q

what is a typical characteristic of differentiating cells

A

polarisation

89
Q

what is hypodontia

A

reduction in the size of the teeth

90
Q

what is supernumerary

A

an extra tooth

91
Q

what is gemination

A

twin teeth - two teeth joined together - coming out of the same root space

92
Q

what is fusion

A

fusion of two teeth

93
Q

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

this is when the dentine is not laid down properly and there is no mineral content. because the enamel is unsupported it breaks down, meaning restorations would break and fracture. high sensitivity

Oral Biology (27 decks)

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