Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Biology > Primary Tooth Morphology > Flashcards

Primary Tooth Morphology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe gingival cysts

A
  • found on the palate and gingiva
  • these are developmental collections of keratin that can be ignored
  • they seem concerning to parents and sometimes are misdiagnosed as erupting teeth but they will resolve by themselves
  • no actual treatment, just reassure the parents and the child that it is nothing to be concerned about
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe congenital epulis

A

this is a growth in the mucosa of a newborn and can progress and interfere with feeding
if it interferes can be managed via surgery but otherwise it will be left to resolve on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe neonatal teeth

A

these are teeth present at birth or those that develop soon after birth and they are very common
usually the primary incisors will develop ectopically when neonatal, they should not be removed unless they threaten the airway by wiggling around or if they are causing ulcerations

if there are issues with feeding because of them they can be smoothed down

due to erupting early they are not always fully formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe eruption cysts

A

the tooth develops in a follicle and blood can sometimes end up in the follicle which gives a blue hue
when the tooth erupts the cyst will resolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the use of notation for primary teeth

A

the quadrants are called 5, 6, 7 and 8 and can be referred to as letters or numbers but never both at the same time
use FDI notation in the exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is there more variation in primary or permanent dentition

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when should tooth calcification stop

A

a month and half after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some examples of systemic disturbances that can lead to enamel defects

A

infections and reduced oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when does tooth eruption stop

A

when the teeth contact something - this is usually the opposing arch gingiva or teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the differences between primary and permanent dentition

A

primary is smaller due to smaller jaws, both the roots and crowns are smaller

the primary molars are wider mesiodistally and more bulbous which is an important note for restorations

they are whiter in colour due to the enamel and dentine being thinner due to less space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

identifying feature of upper first primary molar

A

prominent mesiobuccal tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

identifying feature of lower first primary molar

A

prominent mesiobuccal tubercle - not as prominent as the upper first primary molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

identifying feature of the upper right second molar

A

transverse ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain the roots of primary teeth

A

narrower than permanent teeth
flat, and ribbon shaped
thin and flare apically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why do the roots of primary teeth flare apically

A

due to the permanent tooth germ growing in the middle of the root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the pulp chambers of the primary teeth

A

smaller than permanent, but in proportion to the size of the actual tooth they are large

the horns are closer to enamel than in permanent dentition so it is more likely that the pulp will be exposed

the canals are often ribbon shaped and have many accessory canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primary enamel description

A

consistently thin around the tooth rather than varying in thickness like in the permanent dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is it good if there is little spacing between primary teeth

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why is it difficult to completely clean out the root canal of primary teeth

A

they are flat and ribbon shaped when the end files are conical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in what direction does the face grow

A

Down and outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when does mixed dentition last until

A

the final tooth exfoliates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does exfoliate mean

A

the natural process of shedding the primary teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe how the path of eruption between primary and permanent dentition differs

A

the angulation is different

primary are upright
permanent are inclined backward to increase the length of the arch
they develop palatal to the primary teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how can the age of a child be determined from their dental radiograph

A

whether the roots are formed or not
for permanent teeth, roots are formed at three years of age
for primary tech, roots are formed at 1.5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are some early problems that can occur in the dentition of children

A

gingival cysts
congenital epulis
natal or neonatal teeth
eruption cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are epsteins pearls an example of

A

gingival cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are bohns nodules examples of

A

gingival cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how are the quadrants numbered in primary dentition

A

5 6
8 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when do teeth start to form

A

week 5 of inter uterine life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when does hard tissue formation begin

A

week 13 of inter uterine life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when can teeth be detected on ultrasounds

A

after week 13 because this is when hard tissue formation begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

when does the maxillary central incisor begin to calcify

A

between weeks 13 and 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

when does the crown of the maxillary central incisor completely calcify

A

1.5 months after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

in what month post birth will the maxillary central incisor erupt in a child

A

8-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

when does the root completely calcify for the maxillary central incisor in primary dentition

A

33 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

describe the chronology of the maxillary second primary molar

A

hard tissue formation at 16-23 weeks i.u.l
crown formation complete at 11 months after birth
eruption between 25-33 months after birth
complete root formation at 47 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what can lead to defects in the enamel

A

systemic disturbances during calification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are defects in primary dentition that are non hereditary most likely the result of

A

difficult pregnancy for the mother or complications at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how calcified are central incisors at birth

A

a half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how calcified are lateral incisors at birth

A

a third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how calcified are primary canines at birth

A

just the tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how calcified are primary molars at birth

A

a half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how calcified are second primary molars at birth

A

a third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

how calcified are cusps of permanent molars

A

the tips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what are some theories of how teeth erupt

A
  • cellular proliferation at the apex of the tooth
  • localised change in blood pressure
  • metabolic activity in the periodontal ligament
  • resorption of overlying hard tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

describe the resorption of overlying hard tissue in teeth

A
  • due to enzymes in the dental follicle
  • the follicle is best seen on the radiograph as a dark halo around the unerupted tooth
  • the remodelling of bone or primary tooth tissue is essential to the process of tooth eruption
  • animal models have shown that resorption processes can be uncoupled from the eruption process meaning it is not necessary for the tooth to erupt to cause the bone to resorb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

describe the role of the dental follicle in tooth eruption

A

the follicle plays an essential role in active tooth eruption
activated to initiate the osteoclastic activity in the alveolar bone ahead of the tooth and clear a path for tooth eruption
once the crystal bone has been breached the follicle plays a lesser role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

does eruption ever end

A
  • it stops when the tooth comes into contact with something
  • however it will continue throughout life to compensate for the vertical growth of the jaws and tooth wear
  • teeth have to constantly have something opposing them or they will continue to erupt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the order of eruption

A

a b d c e

central incisor
lateral incisor
first molar
second molar
canine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is the general rule to primary tooth eruption and what is the exception to this rule

A

lower teeth erupt before the upper teeth

the lateral incisors are the exception, the upper will erupt before the lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is usually the first primary tooth to erupt

A

the lower central incisor - 4-6 months

52
Q

FDI notation for lower central incisor

A

81 71

53
Q

FDI notation for the primary lateral incisor

A

52, 62, 72 and 82

54
Q

at what months for the primary lateral incisors erupt

A

7-16 months

55
Q

FDI notation for the first molars

A

54, 64, 74, 84

56
Q

at what month do the primary first molars erupt

A

13-19 months

57
Q

FDI notation for the primary canines

A

53, 63, 73, 83

58
Q

at what month do the primary canines erupt

A

16-22 months

59
Q

FDI notation for primary second molars

A

55, 65, 75, 85

60
Q

at what month do the primary second molars erupt

A

15-33 months

61
Q

what is the normal period of time between the eruption of a tooth and their contralaterals

A

three months

62
Q

at what age is primary dentition complete

A

2.5-3 years of age

63
Q

identifying feature of lower right second primary molars

A

three buccal cusps like the permanent successor

64
Q

describe the roots of primary molars

A

longer and more slender than the roots of permanent molars
flare apically to allow room in between for developing permanent tooth crowns

65
Q

why is pulpal exposure on cavity preparation more likely in primary teeth than in permanent teeth

A

the pulp horns extend high occlusally, placing them closer to the enamel than the pulp horns of the permanent teeth

66
Q

describe root canals on primary teeth

A

ribbon shaped with multiple interconnecting and accessory canals

67
Q

difference between dentine in primary and permanent teeth

A

the thickness of coronal dentine is much thinner than in permanent teeth

68
Q

difference between the enamel of permanent teeth and primary

A

the enamel of the primary teeth is thin and has a consistent depth

69
Q

why is it desirable to have spacing in the primary dentition

A

so there is no crowding in the permanent dentition

70
Q

describe the occlusion of primary canines

A

lowers space mesial to upper canines and uppers space distal to Lower canines

71
Q

what is leeway space

A

extra mesiodistal space occupied by the primary molars which are wider than the premolars that replace them
equates to 1.5mm per side on the upper arch and 2.5mm per side in the lower arch

72
Q

what is the mixed dentition stage

A

begins from the first permanent tooth eruption and ends at the exfoliation of the last primary tooth
usually between 6 and 11 years of age

73
Q

eruption sequence of upper permanent teeth

A

6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8

74
Q

eruption sequence of lower permanent teeth

A

6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8

75
Q

age when upper permanent 1 erupt

A

7 years

76
Q

age when permanent upper 2 erupts

A

8 years

77
Q

age when upper permanent 3 erupts

A

11 years

78
Q

age when upper permanent 4 erupts

A

10 years

79
Q

age when upper permanent 5 erupts

A

10 years

80
Q

age when upper permanent 6 erupts

A

6 years

81
Q

age when upper permanent 7 erupts

A

12 years

82
Q

age when lower permanent 1 erupts

A

6 years

83
Q

age when lower permanent 2 erupts

A

7 years

84
Q

age when lower permanent 3 erupts

A

9 years

85
Q

age when lower permanent 4 erupts

A

10 years

86
Q

age when lower permanent 5 erupts

A

10 years

87
Q

age when lower permanent 6 erupts

A

6

88
Q

age when lower permanent 7 erupts

A

12 years

89
Q

what does crowding in the upper arch usually lead to

A

exclusion of the upper canine

90
Q

what does crowding in the lower arch usually lead to

A

lack of space for the second premolar

91
Q

what can lead to trauma risk when central incisors are erupting

A

if the primary are displaced toward the development permanent then there can be a trauma risk

92
Q

what is the ugly duckling phase

A

this is transient spacing of the upper 1s that can occur due to the close proximity of their roots to the erupting 2s and 3s

93
Q

how long from the date of eruption does it take for the permanent tooth root to complete apexogenesis

A

three years

94
Q

what is apexogenesis

A

continuation of root development that leads to normal root length and apical closure

95
Q

how many primary teeth are there

A

20

96
Q

at what age does eruption begin for primary teeth

A

6 months

97
Q

what are the primary teeth

A

two incisors, canine and two molars

98
Q

at what age do the roots of primary dentition complete

A

3 years

99
Q

which primary are the most unstable

A

the maxillary incisors and the second molars of both arches

100
Q

eruption sequence for primary teeth

A

central, lateral, first molar, canine, second molar

101
Q

loss sequence of primary teeth

A

incisors, first molars, canines and second molars

102
Q

what is the high peak for caries attack in primary teeth

A

13 years of age

103
Q

why is premature loss of primary teeth to be avoided

A

primary teeth have a role in mastication and in maintaining space for eruption of the permanent teeth
lack of space associated with premature loss is a significant factor in the development of malocclusion

104
Q

describe the eruption the first permanent molar

A

otherwise known as the six year molar, arrives before any of the permanent teeth are lost and comes in immediately distal to the primary second molar

105
Q

which primary tooth has a form unlike any of the permanent teeth

A

the deciduous mandibular first molar

106
Q

how do the cervical ridges differ between deciduous and permanent teeth

A

the deciduous have more prominent cervical ridges and are narrower at their necks

107
Q

how do the roots differ between deciduous and permanent teeth

A

they are more widely flared in the deciduous teeth

108
Q

compare the primary anterior teeth to the permanent

A
  • crowns are wider mesiodistally in comparison to the crown length compared to permanent teeth
  • roots are narrower and longer. narrow roots with wide crowns presents an arrangement at the cervical third of crown and root that differs from the permanent anterior teeth
109
Q

why are the roots of the primary molars longer and more slender and flare more

A

allows more room between the roots for the development of permanent tooth crowns

110
Q

how do the cervical ridges of the primary molars differ

A

they are more pronounced buccally, especially in the first molars

111
Q

differences between the primary and the permanent pulp chambers and canals

A
  • crown width in all directions are large in comparison with the root trunks and crevices
  • the enamel is thin and has consistent depth
  • dentine thickness between pulp chambers and enamel is limited
  • pulp horns are high and chambers are large
  • primary roots are narrow and long in comparison to the crown width and length
  • molar roots of primary teeth flare and thin out rapidly as the apices are approached
112
Q
A

maxillary lateral incisor primary

112
Q
A
113
Q
A

primary maxillary canine

114
Q
A

primary mandibular canine

115
Q
A

mandibular lateral incisor

116
Q
A

mandibular central incisor

117
Q

describe the lingual aspect of the primary anterior teeth

A

well developed marginal ridge and highly developed cingulum

cingulum extends up toward the incised edge far enough to make a partial division of the concavity on the lingual surface below the incisal edge

118
Q

describe the medial and distal aspects of the primary maxillary central incisor

A

curvature of the cervical line represents the cementoenaml junction and is distinct and curves toward the incisal ridge
the medial curvature is more pronounced than the distal curvature

119
Q

which tooth is this describing: the mesial surface of the root will have a developmental groove or concavity whereas distally the surface is convex

A

primary maxillary central incisor

120
Q

what is an important feature of the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor

A

the measurement mesiodistally compared to the measurement labiolingually.

labial surface is much broader and smoother than the lingual surface and the lingual surface tapers toward the cingulum

121
Q

tooth formation begins at which stage of embryonic life

A

week 5

122
Q

what are the two stages of permanent tooth eruption

A
  • incisor teeth and permanent first molars erupt
  • other teeth in the buccal segments then follow
123
Q

what does it mean if the upper lateral erupts before the upper central incisor

A

there is almost certainly something impeding the eruption of the central like a supernumerary tooth or a dilaceration of the upper central root

124
Q

why are the permanent upper central incisors more proclined than their primary counterparts

A

to allow forward repositioning of the mandible when the first permanent molars erupt in a cusp to cusp relationship with their opponents

Oral Biology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions