TMJ, Neck & Trunk, Respiratory System Flashcards
Tmj has these joint motions:
Depression Elevation Lateral deviation Protrusion Returns ion
TMJ: articulation btwn -— & —- with a —- btwn these two bones
Mandibular fossa of t bone and condyle of mandible w a disc btwn these two bones
Tmj depression - what are the two movements?
- Anterior rotation of mandibular condyle on disc
2. Disc and condyle slide fwd and downward under the articular tubercle
What happens in TMJ during lateral deviation?
- One condyle rotates (spins) towards
* The other glides (away)
Muscles of mastication:
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Medial pterygoid
- Lateral pterygoid - only one which opens
Muscles of mastication are innervated by:
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Main motion of Atlanto-occipital joint
Flexion and extension of head only
Atlantoaxial Joint motion
Rotation of the head only
Median atlantoaxial joint is:
Articulation btwn dens and anterior arch of atlas anteriorly and transverse ligament posteriorly
Cervical Retraction
Flex head on C1 and extend neck (finger on chin)
Cervical Protraction
Extend head on C1 and flex neck
vertebral artery passes through these which are only located here:
transverse foramen; cervical vertebrae
ROM for cervical: flexon extension lateral bending rotation
FEL = 45
Rotation=60
SCM
Flexes neck Extends head Rotates to opposite side Accessory nerve (CN XI) NR: CN XI, C2, C3
Brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass btwn this set of muscles
Scalenes
Scalenes
O - transverse process of cervical vertebrae
I - 1st and 2nd ribs
A - B: assist in neck flexion U: neck lateral bending
N - lower cervical nerves
Contributes to thoracic outlet syndrome
Scalene
Prevertebral Muscles
Anterior
Flexex head
Suboccipital Muscles
Below base of posterior skull
O - C1 and C2
I - Occiput and C1
A - B: extend head U: laterally bend and rotate head to same side
Erector Spinae Muscles
Located along entire spine
In cervical spine, provide postural control over gravitational pull of head into flexion
If sit up straight spinal column will take weight instead of muscle pulling
If hunched over muscles always firing to keep you from falling
Splenius capitis
attaches to skull
Splenius Cervicis
doesn’t attach to skull
4 anterior trunk muscles
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdminis
Rectus Abdominis
O - Pubis bone
I - xiphoid process and costal cartilages of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs
A - trunk flexion; compression of abdomen
N- 7th through 12th intercosttal nerves
NR - T7 - T12 (if injury @ T6 would not have ab muscles)
External Obliques
O - Lower 8 ribs laterally I - iliac crest and linea alba A - B: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen U: lateral bending to same side and rotation to opposite side N - 8th - 12th intercostal nerves NR - T8-T12
Internal Oblique
O - Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolummbar facia
I - 10th, 11th, 12th ribs and abdominal aponeurosis
A - B: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen,U: lateral bending to same side and rotation to same side
N - 8th through 12th intercostal nerves
NR - T8-T12
Transverse Abdominis
O - Inguinal ligament,, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and last 6 ribs I - Abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba A - Compression of abdomen N - 7th - 12th intercostal nerves NR - T7 - T12
Transversospinalis Muscles
DEEP
Quadratus Lumborum
O - iliac crest I - 12th rib, transversed processes of all five lumbar vertebrae A - trunk lateral bending N - 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar nerrves NR - T12, L1
Quadratus Lumborum reversal action:
causes hip hiking
Inhalation ribs move up medial-lateral like a ____ and anterior-posterior like a ______.
bucket handle, Pump handle
Diaphram
O - xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertabrae
I - insertion on itself via Central tendon
A - Inspiration (cannot contract to force air out)
N - Phrenic nerve
NR - C3, C4, C5 - keeps the daiphram alive
External Intercostals (inspiration)
O - Rib above
I - Rib below
A - Elevates ribs
N - intercostal nerves
Internal intercostals (expiration)
O - Rib below
I - Rib above
A - depress ribs
N - intercostal nerves
These muscles assist in inspiration by their reversal of muscle action
SCM - pulls sternum up
Pec major pulls sternum twd humerus when hands on hips, knees, or head when “catching breath” (stabilizes humerus and makes it similar to closed chain activity)
scalenes can elevate first two ribs
Accessory Expiratory Muscles
Assist the muscles of expiration by their reversal of muscle action
Rectus abdominis and quadratus lumborum can pull ribs down
The articulation btwn the head and C1 (atlas) is often called
atlanto-occipital joint
Main motion at atlanto-occipitaljoint
flexion and extension
Muscles have most control over moving the head on the neck are the
prevertebral muscles anteriorly and the suboccipital muscles posteriorly
Flexing head on C1 and extending neck C2-C7 is known as
axial extension or cervical retraction
Cervical protraction is
Extending the head on C1 and flexing the neck C2-C7
Anterior longituddinal ligament is ______ superiorly and ____ inferiorly
thin
thick
The posterior longitudinal ligament is _____ superiorly and ____ inferiorly
thick
thin
The purpose of the anterior longitudinal ligament is to
to prevent excessive hyperextension
The purpose of the posterior longitudinal ligament
to prevent excessive flexion
This ligament connects adjacent laminae anteriorly
ligamentum flavum
