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Muscles > E- stim > Flashcards

E- stim Flashcards

0
Q

3 wave forms of electrical current:

A

DC
AC
Pulsed

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1
Q

E-stim is used in PT for these 5 reasons:

A 
Pain
Weakness
Wound care
Functional deficits
Re-educate muscles
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2
Q

IFC used mainly for____ and uses___ electrodes

A

Pain

4

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3
Q

IFC machine does crossing in machine so instead of 4 electrodes we use

A

two

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4
Q

Premodulated Current (Premod) does the same as IFC but only needs ___ electrodes and doesn’t deliver___amplitude to skin like IFC and doesn’t have as large_____ area as IFC

A

2
lower
stimulation

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5
Q

Russian is medium frequency AC that gives bursts of AC __millisecond bursts___millisecond interburst interval ___burst per second

A

10
10
50

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6
Q

Pulsed Current is

A

Interrupted flow of charged particles

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7
Q

Three types of pulsed current

A

Monophasic
Biphasic
High voltage pulsed

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8
Q

Three types of biphasic pulsed current are:

A

Biphasic Symmetrical
Biphasic Asymmetrical balanced
Biphasic Asymmetrical unbalanced

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9
Q

This tends to be more comfortable when stimulating large muscles

A

Biphasic Symmetrical

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10
Q

This tends to be more comfortable when stimulating smaller muscles

A

Biphasic asymmetrical

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11
Q

Most of the asymmetrical we use is balanced/unbalanced

A

Balanced

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12
Q

Three dependent parameters

A 
Pulse duration (width)
Phase duration (cannot change)
Interpulse interval (cannot change)
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13
Q

shorter pulse duration =

A

pain control

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14
Q

longer pulse duration =

A

muscle contraction (this pulse duration also feels stronger to pt)

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15
Q

name 4 other electrical current parameters

A

1 Amplitude
2 Frequency
3 On time and Off time
4 Ramp up and Ramp down time

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16
Q

Pulse duration measured in

A

microseconds

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17
Q

Units of Amplitude

A

mA milliamps or volts (V)

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18
Q

Frequency measured in

A

Hz or pps (pulse per sec)

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19
Q

On and Off time measured in:

A

10 seconds on 50 seconds off 1:5 or 10:50

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20
Q

These are used to improve patient comfort

A

Ramp on & ramp off

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21
Q

Effects of electrical currents (3):

A

Stimulation of action potentials
Direct muscle depolarization
Ionic effects of electrical currents

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22
Q

Basic unit of nerve communication

A

Action Potentials

23
Q

Lower amplitudes and shorter pulse durations are required to depolarize ____nerves (_ beta nerve fibers))

A

sensory

A

24
Q

Higher amplitudes and longer pulse durations are required to depolarize ____- nerves

A

motor

25
Q

Even higher amplitudes and even longer pulse durations are required to depolarize ___ nerves

A

pain

26
Q

as you gradually increase amplitude and pulse duration

A

Sensation to Muscle contraction to Pain

27
Q

Shorter pulse durations are used for sensory stimulation - these are usually ____ microseconds

A

80

28
Q

Longer pulse durations are used for motor stimulation these are usually ____ microseconds

A

150-350 microseconds

29
Q

Longer pulse durations feel ___ and are less comfortable

A

stronger

30
Q

Pulse durations longer than 1 millisecond are required to stimulate __ nerve fibers

A

C

31
Q

Pulse durations longer than __ milliseconds are required to stimulate denervated muscle

A

10

32
Q

We normally stimulate the motor nerve that goes to the muscle but have to stimulate this type of muscle directly

A

denervated

33
Q

The longer pulse duration makes the stim feel stronger because

A

it grabs more muscle fibers bc it has more time to cause ap in more muscle

34
Q

What happens when the nerve ACCOMODATES to the stimulus

A

prevents depolarization

35
Q

If this is too long the nerve may accomodate

A

ramp time

36
Q

May need to change one of these three things if accomodation is met

A

amplitude
frequency
duration

37
Q

Negative electrode and attracts positive ions and repels negative ions

A

Cathode

38
Q

Positive electrode and attracts negative ions and repels positive ions

A

Anode

39
Q

When electrodes are farther apart current goes

A

deeper

40
Q

When electrodes are closer together current is more

A

superficial

41
Q

Contraindications

A 
Cardiac pacemaker
unstable arrhythmia
over carotid sinus
implanted electronic device
over venoous/arterio thrombosis
pregnancy
42
Q

Precautions

A 
cardiac disease
impaired sensation or mentation
Malignancy
skin irritation/open wound
in area where muscle contraction could disrupt surgical repair
43
Q

Adverse effects (3):

A

Burns
Skin irritation
Pain

44
Q

Decrease pain by

A

using larger electrodes
increasing intensity very slowly
using shorter pulse durations

45
Q

Application:

A 
turn machine on
ensure intensity is off
inspect wires
place electrodes
set parameters
inform pt
46
Q

Ending tx

A 
turn intensity to 0
remove electrodes
turn machine of
inspect area
document
47
Q

Do not do this during ttx

A

plug or unplug machine

turn machine on or off while electrodes are on pt

48
Q

Document

A

area of the body
pt position
parameters
duration
pt response - skin inspection, decreased pain, etc
Activities performed with stim if applicale

49
Q

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation is the application of electrical current to motor nerves to cause contractions of the muscles they innervate. Must have intact and functioning

A

peripheral nervous system

50
Q

NMES stimulated contractions can (5) things

A 
strengthen muscle
improve cardiovascular health
retard or prevent muscle atrophy
reduce spasticity
restore function
51
Q

NMES recruit

A

type II muscle fibers before type I

52
Q

Parameters for NMES

A

Russian protocol or pulsed biphasic waveform normally used
Electrode placement: one over motor pt of muscle and one on muscle aligned parallel to muscle fiber direction. Apply electrodes at least 2 inches apart
Patient positioning

53
Q

Parameters for NMES pulse durations:

A

150-350 microseconds
150-200 ms for smaller muscles
200-350 ms for larger muscles

54
Q

Parameters for NMES Freq. & on:off time

A

35-50 pps
50-80 pps may increase strength but also increases fatigue
on:off 1:5 initial with on time 6-10 seconds

55
Q

To reduce muscle spasm or to pump out edema 1:1 woth both on and off times of

A

2-5 seconds

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