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Muscles > Electrical currents for tissue healing > Flashcards

Electrical currents for tissue healing Flashcards

0
Q

Attraction of cells to an electrical charge is

A

Galvanotaxis

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1
Q

Name 3 benefits of estim for tissue healing:

A

Decrease edema
Transdermal delivery of meds
Wound care

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2
Q

Estim aids in wound healing by

A

Decreases bacteria
Stimulates healing
Improves circulation

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3
Q

The most common waveform used for wound healing is

A

HVPC - High Volt Pulsed Current

Can not be used on wounds covered in eschar (scab)

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4
Q

With the direct method of electrode placement how are electrodes placed

A

Active electrode in wound and dispersive electrode a few inches away - must be larger than active electrode

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5
Q

Rules for periwound electrode placement

A

2 or more with dispersive being larger than sum of active

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6
Q

Polarity - when neg or pos over wound

A

neg over wound when inflamed or infected

pos over wound when not inflamed or infected

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7
Q

Parameters for HVPC for wound care: (Pulse, Freq, Amp, tx time)

A

Pulse - 40-100 micro seconds
Freq - 60-125 pps
Continuous
Amp - sufficient to produce comfortable sensation wo motor response
Tx time - at least 5 days per week for 45-60 min ea

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8
Q

Estim for edema control: polarity, freq, pulse duration, tx time, amplitude

A 
neg
100-120 pps
40-100 microseconds
20-30 min
enough to produce tingling
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9
Q

E-stim for edema control is usually; theory is

A

monophasic

theory is neg charge repels positively charged serum proteins

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10
Q

E-stim for Edema Reduction when edema caused by graviity and lack of muscle contraction: polarity does not matter - amp, freq, pulse duration, on-off times, tx time

A 
biphasic
enough amp to cause visible contractions
freq - 35-50 pps
pulse duration - 150-350 microseconds
on:offf 1:1 for 2-5 ea up to 5 on 5 off
tx time: 20-30 min
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11
Q

Iontophoresis is monopphasic, polarity matters, use of low amplitude DC with depth of delivery superficial 3-20mm
Dexamethasone is most common drug used and it is

A

negative so use neg electrode

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12
Q

iontophoresis with corticosteroid uses what polarity

A

corticosteroid is pos so use pos electrode

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13
Q

Ionto patches low voltage and low current: .1-.3mA for

A

1-24hrs

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14
Q

ionto patches increases drug retention because less increase in local

A

circulation

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15
Q

Hydrocortisone is an anti-inflammatory with a ___ polarity

A

positive

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16
Q

Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory with a ___polarity and able to peenetrate to

A

negative

8-10mm

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17
Q

Common uses for Dexamethasone

A

Epicondylitis
Tendinitis
Plantar fasciitis

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18
Q

Waveforms for pain control include:

A

TENS
IFC
Premod

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19
Q

Sharp pain transmitted along

A

A-delta

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20
Q

Dull pain transmitted along

A

C nerve fibers

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21
Q

These nerve fibers can inhibit transmission of A-delta and C nerve fibers

A

A-beta

22
Q

When this activity is increased pain perception is decreased

A

A-beta activity

23
Q

Half-life of endogenous opiods is

A

4.5 hrs

24
Q

Most common types of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)

A

Conventional
Acupuncture-like
Burst mode

25
Q

TENS is always

A

on (no on-off times)

26
Q

This type of TENS is most effective at activating A-beta nerves wo activating motor nerves

A

Conventional TENS

27
Q

AKA Convential TENS

A

High rate TENS

28
Q

Conventional TENS has _____ duration with ____ freq

A

short

high

29
Q

Conventional TENS uses this theory to decrease pain perception

A

gate control theory

30
Q

Conventional TENS has ____ microsecond duration and ____pps freq

A

50-80

100-150

31
Q

Most common form of TENS used; faster onset of relief than other TENS forms, may be used for 24 hrs, generally only decrease pain while stim is active

A

Conventional

32
Q

Acupuncture-like is aka

A

Low rate TENS

33
Q

Acuupuncture-like uses this theory

A

endorphin release

34
Q

Acupuncture-like does this

A

repetitive brief stimulation of motor nerves to produce muscle twitches and brief sharp pain which causes release of endogenous opiods

35
Q

Acupuncture-like needs ____ amplitude and ___pulse durations than conventional TENS bc trying to _____motor and A-delta nerve fibers

A

higher
longer
depolarize

36
Q

This type of TENS is better than conventional TENS for chronic pain

A

acupuncture-like

37
Q

Acupuncture-like is better for_____pain than conventional TENS

A

Chronic

38
Q

Acupuncture-like TENS controls pain for ____ after a ____minutes of tx

A

4-5hrs

20-30

39
Q

More than a 45min tx can lead to ____ with acupuncture-like TENS

A

DOMS

40
Q

Acupuncture uses ___pps freq; ___microsecond duration; ____ amplitude to produce visible muscle contraction: tx time ___ mins; can be used every___hrs

A 
2-10
200-300
enough
20-30
2
41
Q

Burst mode uses ____ theory; usually ____ comfortable than acupuncture-like; Freq____; duration_____; tx time____; can be used every __ hrs; ____ amplitude to produce visible muscle contractions

A 
endorphin 
more
10 or fewer bursts - bursts of 100-150 pps (high burst rate)
100-300 microseconds
20-30
2
enuggh
42
Q

Used for rapid onset but short term pain relief before procedures: deep friction massage, joint mob, passive stretch

A

Brief Intense TENS

43
Q

Brief intense TENS ____amplitude; ____ pulse duration; ____freq; ____wearing time; ___ onset of relieff

A 
strong
250-400 microseconds (widest)
110-200pps (Highest)
15 min max
1-2 minutes
44
Q

Interferential current (IFC) if currents in same phase ___amp; if currents in dif phase ___amp; ____ freq is diif btwn carrier freeq and the other currents freq

A

higher
lower
beat

45
Q

IFC ____ amplitude is delivered deeper and ___ amp is delivered through the skin (more comfortable)

A

higher

lower

46
Q

IFC is mainly used for

A

pain relief

47
Q

Able to cover larger area than TENS

A

IFC

48
Q

IFC used mainly for pain relief at higher freq ____; can be used for muscle stim using ____ beats per second

A

100-150

35-50

49
Q

IFC vector scan changes cloverleaf shape into a _____ shape by

A

circular

one circuit varying in amplitude

50
Q

This is basically same as IFC except only need two electrodes

A

Premodulated Current

51
Q

Waveform of ____ looks the same as IFC but doesn’t deliver ___amp to skin like IFC; doesn’t have as large ____ area as IFC

A

Premodulated Current
lower
stimulation

52
Q

This is prohibited in FL

A

Electroacuppuncture - needles placed in skin then stim

53
Q

MOST appropriate current for treating a pressure ulcer to enhance healing.

A

Monophasic pulsed current

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