Tissues Flashcards
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The four types of body tissue
Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle.(Exhausted Cheetahs Never Move)
How many types of epithelial tissue are there?
6
Simple epithelium vs stratified epithelium.
Single layer of identical cells vs several layers of cells with continual reproduction in lower layers (so cells push up)
How many types are simple epithelium tissue are there?
4
Name the four types of simple epithelium tissue.
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, columnar, ciliated columnar.
How many types of stratified epithelium tissue are there?
2
Name the two types of stratified epithelium tissue.
stratified squamous and transitional.
What is simple squamous epithelium tissue?
Flat cells that fit together like a pavement. This flat structure allows for diffusion. Found in the endocardium of the heart, blood vessels and the alveoli of the lungs
What is simple cuboidal epithelium tissue?
Involved in secretion, absorption and excretion. Usually found in the kidney tubules and in some glands.
What is columnar epithelial tissue?
They usually have adaptations that make them well suited for specific functions. Found lining many organs.
What is ciliated columnar epithelium tissue?
Has specialist adaptations including cilia on its outer surface that waft in one direction and transports particles. Found in the trachea (used for coughing).
What is stratified squamous epithelium tissue?
Several layers of cells. Continuous cell division pushes the lower layers of cells closer to the surface. Protects underlying structures from damage. E.g. The skin.
What is transitional epithelium?
Pear- shaped cells that allow for stretching.Found in the urinary tract.
How many main types of gland are there?
2
What are the two main types of gland called?
Endocrine and exocrine.
What does an endocrine gland do?
Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
What does an exocrine gland do?
Secretes enzymes and mucus onto a free surface.
Primary functions of connective tissue.
Binding and structural support, protection, transport,
insulation. (Big and Scary Spiders Protect Travelling Insects)
Name five examples of connective tissue.
Blood, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, lymphoid tissue.
Name three characteristics of connective tissue.
They are the most abundant tissues in the body.
They tend to work in supportive roles.
They are made of semi-solid jelly and tends to be rigid or dense.
Loose connective tissue
Supports and connects other tissues. Found all over body including skin and supporting blood vessels.
Dense connective tissue
More fibres and less cells than loose connective tissue
How many types of dense connective tissue are there?
2 (Fibrous and elastic)
Fibrous connective tissue
Found in: Ligaments, outer layer of bones, protecting some organs (brain) and on the muscle sheaths and tendons.
Elastic connective tissue
Found in: Large blood vessels, the trachea and the bronchi.
Name the special quality of elastic connective tissue.
It can return to its original shape (extension and recoil)
Cartilage is what type of tissue?
Connective
Name three facts about cartilage and where it is found.
More solid than any other type of tissue
Less commonly found.
The primary components are collagen and elastic fibres. Found in airways, on bone, in joints, in blood vessels and in the ear.
Adipose tissue is what type of tissue?
Connective.
How many types of adipose tissue are there?
2 (White and brown)
Where is brown adipose tissue found?
In newborns- it produces less energy and more heat for the infant.
Where is white adipose tissue found?
In adults- around 20-25% of the weight.It’s around organs such as eyes, in between muscle fibres and under skin.
What are bone cells called and what are they surrounded by?
Osteocytes and they are surrounded by collagen fibres.
What are the three muscle tissue types?
Smooth, Skeletal and Cardiac.
Because muscle tissue needs lots of energy, the cells have many…
Mitochondria
What is the main property of muscle tissue?
Its able to contract and relax.
True or False? Smooth muscle tissue is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and some hormones.
True.
Smooth muscle normally has muscle tone and so rarely relaxes. It is found in areas where dilation and constriction is frequently necessary, such as in….
The blood vessels, alimentary tract (digestive) and the urinary bladder.
Is smooth muscle striated or non-striated?
Non-striated (does not appear striped)
Is skeletal muscle striated or non-striated?
Striated (appears striped)
Is skeletal muscle normally voluntary or autonomic?
Normally voluntary.
Where do motor impulses originate for skeletal muscles?
Brain and spinal cord.
Cardiac muscle is only found in the…
Heart.
Is cardiac muscle voluntary or autonomic?
Autonomic (some of the cells are branched so that nerve impulses can radiate across the heart) -imagine If you had to consciously beat your heart!
Nerve cells are called…
Neurons.
True or false? Neurons have a cell body at one end and terminals at the other, joined by an axon.
True. The axon means neurons can be longer than a metre!
What are the two types of membrane?
Epithelial and synovial.
What are epithelial membranes made of?
Epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
Where are epithelial membranes found?
Lining internal structures.
What do mucous membranes do?
They line the respiratory and alimentary tract and secretes mucus via goblet cells.
What do serous membranes do?
They secrete a watery fluid called serous fluid in areas of high friction, such as between the layers of the pleura (in the lungs).
What are the two epithelial membranes called?
Mucous and serous.
Where are synovial membranes found and what do they do?
Found within movable joints which lubricate and nourish.
