The renal system

Question 1

What are the structures in the renal system?

Answer 1

Kidneys (x2), ureters (x2), bladder, urethra.

Question 2

Name the 3 functions of the renal system

Answer 2

Remove waste that is found in urine: Urea, uric acid, ions, certain drugs. Balance fluids and electrolytes.

Question 3

Which cavity are the kidneys in?

Answer 3

The abdominal.

Question 4

Which abdominal regions are the kidneys in (9)?

Answer 4

The right and left lumbar regions.

Question 5

Which abdominal regions are the kidneys in (4)?

Answer 5

The upper right and left.

Question 6

Are kidneys anterior or posterior?

Answer 6

Posterior.

Question 7

Where are the kidneys compared to other organs?

Answer 7

Beneath the diaphragm, below and behind the liver and behind the intestine.

Question 8

Shape of the kidneys?

Answer 8

Bean shape.

Question 9

What size are kidneys?

Answer 9

Average adult: 5-7 cm x 10-13 cm

Question 10

T/F Kidneys are a very vascular organ.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What 4 things are the kidneys protected by?

Answer 11

Fibrous capsule, Layers of fat, Contents of the abdomen, Muscles.

Question 12

Each kidney has what supply and what gland?

Answer 12

A blood supply and an adrenal gland.

Question 13

Adrenal glands are affected by the release of…. by the kidneys.

Answer 13

renin.

Question 14

The adrenal glands then influence…

Answer 14

The renal system by influencing blood pressure as well as sodium and water retention.

Question 15

4 functions of the kidneys

Answer 15

Formation of urine, maintaining water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Excretion of waste products. Production and secretion of Erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates the formation of red blood cells. Production and secretion of renin, an important enzyme in the control of blood pressure.

Question 16

Outer … capsule
which surrounds the
Kidney

Answer 16

fibrous

Question 17

The …, a reddish brown layer of tissue immediately … the capsule and out side the renal …

Answer 17

cortex, below, pyramids.

Question 18

The … inner most layer consists of pale

… shaped striations, the renal pyramids.

Answer 18

medulla, conical

Question 19

… are chambers where the urine passes though.

Answer 19

Calyces

Question 20

Kidneys receive waste filled blood from the ….

Answer 20

abdominal aorta

Question 21

After being filtered the … returns to the circulation by way of the …

Answer 21

blood, renal vein.

Question 22

The Kidney contains about how many functional units

called nephrons?

Answer 22

1-2 million

Question 23

What are the two main functions of the nephron

Answer 23

Filter fluids, wastes and electrolytes, acids. Selectively reabsorb and secreting ions allowing precise control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 24

Structure of a nephron.

Answer 24

Essentially a tubule. A duct at one end then at the other end Glomerular/Bowmans capsule.

Question 25

The remainder of a nephron is about how long?

Answer 25

3cm

Question 26

3 parts of a nephron in the 3cm

Answer 26

Proximal tube, Loop of Henle, Distal tube

Question 27

Kidney’s receive what%

of the cardiac output?

Answer 27

About 20%

Question 28

Afferent arteriole has a … diameter than the, … arteriole, which drives … across the glomerular capillary walls.

Answer 28

larger, efferent, filtration

Question 29

There is a second capillary network that wraps around

the … where … takes place.

Answer 29

tubule, gaseous exchange

Question 30

In the nephron Glomerular capillary walls are more
… than most capillaries (flattened
epithelium).

Answer 30

permeable.

Question 31

In the nephron … and … nerves

supply the renal blood vessels.

Answer 31

Sympathetic and parasympathetic