The renal system Flashcards
What are the structures in the renal system?
Kidneys (x2), ureters (x2), bladder, urethra.
Name the 3 functions of the renal system
Remove waste that is found in urine: Urea, uric acid, ions, certain drugs. Balance fluids and electrolytes.
Which cavity are the kidneys in?
The abdominal.
Which abdominal regions are the kidneys in (9)?
The right and left lumbar regions.
Which abdominal regions are the kidneys in (4)?
The upper right and left.
Are kidneys anterior or posterior?
Posterior.
Where are the kidneys compared to other organs?
Beneath the diaphragm, below and behind the liver and behind the intestine.
Shape of the kidneys?
Bean shape.
What size are kidneys?
Average adult: 5-7 cm x 10-13 cm
T/F Kidneys are a very vascular organ.
True
What 4 things are the kidneys protected by?
Fibrous capsule, Layers of fat, Contents of the abdomen, Muscles.
Each kidney has what supply and what gland?
A blood supply and an adrenal gland.
Adrenal glands are affected by the release of…. by the kidneys.
renin.
The adrenal glands then influence…
The renal system by influencing blood pressure as well as sodium and water retention.
4 functions of the kidneys
Formation of urine, maintaining water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Excretion of waste products. Production and secretion of Erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates the formation of red blood cells. Production and secretion of renin, an important enzyme in the control of blood pressure.
Outer … capsule
which surrounds the
Kidney
fibrous
The …, a reddish brown layer of tissue immediately … the capsule and out side the renal …
cortex, below, pyramids.
The … inner most layer consists of pale
… shaped striations, the renal pyramids.
medulla, conical
… are chambers where the urine passes though.
Calyces
Kidneys receive waste filled blood from the ….
abdominal aorta
After being filtered the … returns to the circulation by way of the …
blood, renal vein.
The Kidney contains about how many functional units
called nephrons?
1-2 million
What are the two main functions of the nephron
Filter fluids, wastes and electrolytes, acids. Selectively reabsorb and secreting ions allowing precise control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Structure of a nephron.
Essentially a tubule. A duct at one end then at the other end Glomerular/Bowmans capsule.
The remainder of a nephron is about how long?
3cm
3 parts of a nephron in the 3cm
Proximal tube, Loop of Henle, Distal tube
Kidney’s receive what%
of the cardiac output?
About 20%
Afferent arteriole has a … diameter than the, … arteriole, which drives … across the glomerular capillary walls.
larger, efferent, filtration
There is a second capillary network that wraps around
the … where … takes place.
tubule, gaseous exchange
In the nephron Glomerular capillary walls are more
… than most capillaries (flattened
epithelium).
permeable.
In the nephron … and … nerves
supply the renal blood vessels.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
