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Anatomy And Physiology For Paramedic Science > Nervous system 2 > Flashcards

Nervous system 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

TIA is not a type of…

A

stroke

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2
Q

The brain is what proportion of body weight

A

1/50

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3
Q

With cavity is the brain in

A

cranial

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4
Q

Aproximately what amount of blood per min does the brain need

A

750ml

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5
Q

What % of cardiac output does the brain recieve

A

15

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6
Q

4 parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain steam, cerebellum

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts of diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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8
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A

mid brain/ pons/ medulla oblongata

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9
Q

the largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

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10
Q

how is the cerebrum divided

A

L/R hemisphere

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11
Q

how is the cerebrum connected

A

white matter (nerve fibres) deep in brain

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12
Q

The superficial layer (cerebral cortex) of the cerebrum is made of …

A

nerve cell bodies (grey matter)

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13
Q

cerebral cortex has lots of … separated by …

A

folds (convolutions), fissures (greater surface area)

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14
Q

How is the cerebrum divided other than hemispheres

A

lobes

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15
Q

corpus calosum consists of how many axons

A

200 million

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16
Q

What does the corpus collosum connect?

A

The left and right brain hemispheres

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17
Q

What does the corpus collosum integrate?

A

motor, sensory and cognition between cerebrum cortex on the right andleft

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18
Q

tentori cerebelli is an extension of the…

A

dura mater

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19
Q

what does the tentori cerebelli separates what?

A

cerebellum from inferior portion of the occipital lobes

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20
Q

Sulci/ fissures are both grooves of the…

A

cortex

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21
Q

How are sulci and fissures differentiated

A

By size. A sulvus is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus. A fissure is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes and hemispheres.

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22
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A ridge on the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

What is a gyrus generally surrounded by?

A

One or more sulci

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24
Q

What creats the folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals?

A

Gyri and sulci

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25
Q

What are the 4 main brain lobes?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.

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26
Q

What are the three main functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

Mental activities (association cortex), sensory perception (sensory cortex), and initiation and control of voluntary movement (motor cortex)

27
Q

Motor function impulses tend to leave from the anterior or posterior of each hemisphere?

A

Anterior

28
Q

Sensory function impulses tend to leave from the anterior or posterior of each hemisphere?

A

Posterior

29
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing

30
Q

Name any 2 functions of he frontal lobe

A

Attention span, decision making, inhibition, planning, judgement, social and sexual behaviour.

31
Q

Name any any 2 functions of the temporal lobe

A

Auditory perception, words/speech, memory association/ formation, emotions, facial recognition.

32
Q

Name any 2 functions of the parietal lobe

A

Perception, cognition, spatial awareness, navigation.

33
Q

What are the 2 main parts to the parietal lobes functions?

A

Sensation/ perception and integrating sensory (mainly visual) input.

34
Q

Which side of the body do the left and right brain hemispheres control?

A

Right controls left, left controls right.

35
Q

Where does the diencephalon sit?

A

Above brain stem

36
Q

What 2 parts does the diencephalon include?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

37
Q

What 2 jobs does the thalamus have?

A

Relays sensory impulses to the sensory cortex. Helps recall whether an upcoming experience will be present or not.

38
Q

Where does the hypothalamus sit

A

Under the thalamus

39
Q

What nervous system centre is the hypothalamus?

A

Autonomic

40
Q

What other system is the hypothalamus also part of?

A

The limbic system (pain, pleasure, libido, appetite and thirst)

41
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

A

Regulation of body temperature, water balance and metabolism. Regulates pituitary gland.

42
Q

Approximately how long is the brain stem?

A

3 inches

43
Q

What 3 parts does the brain stem include?

A

Mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata

44
Q

In the brain stem … matter areas (…) produce programmed … responses for survival.

A

Grey, nuclei, autonomic

45
Q

The job of the brain stem is to be…

A

A pathway for ascending and descending tracts.

46
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

Bellow the cerebrum but above the pons

47
Q

What connects the cerebrum with lower parts of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Nerve fibres

48
Q

What relays ascending and descending nerve fibres

A

Nuclei

49
Q

Where is the pons found?

A

In front of cerebellum, below mid brain and above medulla oblongata.

50
Q

The bridge between the brain hemispheres of cerebellum and the bridge between higher levels of brain and spinal cord is made of what?

A

Mainly nerve fibres (white matter)

51
Q

In the pons there a some… associated with cranial nerves

A

Nuclei

52
Q

Some nuclei in the pons form… and … centres that operate with the medulla oblongata… centre

A

Pneumotaxic, apnoustic, respiratory.

53
Q

The pons has … matter on The surface and … matter deep.

A

White, grey. (Opposite to main body of the brain)

54
Q

The medulla oblongata is also know by…

A

Medulla

55
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata found?

A

Bellow the pons, continuous with the spinal cord, just within cranium above foramen magnum.

56
Q

How long is the medulla oblongata?

A

2.5 cm/ 1 inch

57
Q

The medulla oblongata had … matter on The surface and … matter centrally

A

White, grey (Opposite of the brain)

58
Q

Which 4 centres are found in the medulla oblongata?

A

Cardiovascular, Reflex (vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing), Respiratory and Visual (associated with autonomic reflexes- lies deep inside).

59
Q

The cardiovascular centre (CV) controls…

A

Rate and force of heart contractions and blood pressure.

60
Q

Which centre is found within the cardiovascular centre?

A

Vasomotor centre

61
Q

The respiratory centre controls what 3 things?

A

Rate and depth of breath and nerve impulses that go to Phoenix and intercostal nerves for inspiration.

62
Q

What area of the brain does the respiratory centre work closely with?

A

Pons

63
Q

The reflex centres activate an appropriate reflex when an irritant in the stomach or respiratory tract stimulate the…

A

Medulla

Anatomy And Physiology For Paramedic Science (26 decks)

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