Nervous system 2 Flashcards
TIA is not a type of…
stroke
The brain is what proportion of body weight
1/50
With cavity is the brain in
cranial
Aproximately what amount of blood per min does the brain need
750ml
What % of cardiac output does the brain recieve
15
4 parts of the brain
cerebrum, diencephalon, brain steam, cerebellum
What are the 2 parts of diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
3 parts of the brain stem
mid brain/ pons/ medulla oblongata
the largest part of the brain
cerebrum
how is the cerebrum divided
L/R hemisphere
how is the cerebrum connected
white matter (nerve fibres) deep in brain
The superficial layer (cerebral cortex) of the cerebrum is made of …
nerve cell bodies (grey matter)
cerebral cortex has lots of … separated by …
folds (convolutions), fissures (greater surface area)
How is the cerebrum divided other than hemispheres
lobes
corpus calosum consists of how many axons
200 million
What does the corpus collosum connect?
The left and right brain hemispheres
What does the corpus collosum integrate?
motor, sensory and cognition between cerebrum cortex on the right andleft
tentori cerebelli is an extension of the…
dura mater
what does the tentori cerebelli separates what?
cerebellum from inferior portion of the occipital lobes
Sulci/ fissures are both grooves of the…
cortex
How are sulci and fissures differentiated
By size. A sulvus is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus. A fissure is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes and hemispheres.
What is a gyrus?
A ridge on the cerebral cortex
What is a gyrus generally surrounded by?
One or more sulci
What creats the folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals?
Gyri and sulci
What are the 4 main brain lobes?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.
What are the three main functions of the cerebral cortex?
Mental activities (association cortex), sensory perception (sensory cortex), and initiation and control of voluntary movement (motor cortex)
Motor function impulses tend to leave from the anterior or posterior of each hemisphere?
Anterior
Sensory function impulses tend to leave from the anterior or posterior of each hemisphere?
Posterior
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing
Name any 2 functions of he frontal lobe
Attention span, decision making, inhibition, planning, judgement, social and sexual behaviour.
Name any any 2 functions of the temporal lobe
Auditory perception, words/speech, memory association/ formation, emotions, facial recognition.
Name any 2 functions of the parietal lobe
Perception, cognition, spatial awareness, navigation.
What are the 2 main parts to the parietal lobes functions?
Sensation/ perception and integrating sensory (mainly visual) input.
Which side of the body do the left and right brain hemispheres control?
Right controls left, left controls right.
Where does the diencephalon sit?
Above brain stem
What 2 parts does the diencephalon include?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What 2 jobs does the thalamus have?
Relays sensory impulses to the sensory cortex. Helps recall whether an upcoming experience will be present or not.
Where does the hypothalamus sit
Under the thalamus
What nervous system centre is the hypothalamus?
Autonomic
What other system is the hypothalamus also part of?
The limbic system (pain, pleasure, libido, appetite and thirst)
What does the hypothalamus regulate?
Regulation of body temperature, water balance and metabolism. Regulates pituitary gland.
Approximately how long is the brain stem?
3 inches
What 3 parts does the brain stem include?
Mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata
In the brain stem … matter areas (…) produce programmed … responses for survival.
Grey, nuclei, autonomic
The job of the brain stem is to be…
A pathway for ascending and descending tracts.
Where is the midbrain located?
Bellow the cerebrum but above the pons
What connects the cerebrum with lower parts of the brain and spinal cord?
Nerve fibres
What relays ascending and descending nerve fibres
Nuclei
Where is the pons found?
In front of cerebellum, below mid brain and above medulla oblongata.
The bridge between the brain hemispheres of cerebellum and the bridge between higher levels of brain and spinal cord is made of what?
Mainly nerve fibres (white matter)
In the pons there a some… associated with cranial nerves
Nuclei
Some nuclei in the pons form… and … centres that operate with the medulla oblongata… centre
Pneumotaxic, apnoustic, respiratory.
The pons has … matter on The surface and … matter deep.
White, grey. (Opposite to main body of the brain)
The medulla oblongata is also know by…
Medulla
Where is the medulla oblongata found?
Bellow the pons, continuous with the spinal cord, just within cranium above foramen magnum.
How long is the medulla oblongata?
2.5 cm/ 1 inch
The medulla oblongata had … matter on The surface and … matter centrally
White, grey (Opposite of the brain)
Which 4 centres are found in the medulla oblongata?
Cardiovascular, Reflex (vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing), Respiratory and Visual (associated with autonomic reflexes- lies deep inside).
The cardiovascular centre (CV) controls…
Rate and force of heart contractions and blood pressure.
Which centre is found within the cardiovascular centre?
Vasomotor centre
The respiratory centre controls what 3 things?
Rate and depth of breath and nerve impulses that go to Phoenix and intercostal nerves for inspiration.
What area of the brain does the respiratory centre work closely with?
Pons
The reflex centres activate an appropriate reflex when an irritant in the stomach or respiratory tract stimulate the…
Medulla
