Mechanisms of ventilation

Question 1

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

in the lungs movement of air in and out of lungs- breathing- supplying oxygen and eliminate carbondioxide.

Question 2

Main muscles of inspiration

Answer 2

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles- contract voluntarily.

Question 3

What shape is the diaphragm

Answer 3

dome

Question 4

during respiration the external intercostal muscles extend…

Answer 4

downwards and forward.

Question 5

What % of air movement is down to the diaphragm

Answer 5

70-75%

Question 6

When the diaphragm contracts the muscle fibres

Answer 6

shorten and diaphragm is pulled down to flatten

Question 7

When the diaphragm contracts a negative pressure is created in the thoracic cavity to air…

Answer 7

is pulled in

Question 8

what nerve supplies the diaphragm

Answer 8

phrenic nerve

Question 9

What is it called when the diaphragm controls the breathing when resting

Answer 9

diaphragmatic breathing

Question 10

Where is the phrenic nerve

Answer 10

C345 - if you break neck and severe C345 phrenic nerve you can only breath through ventilator if you survive

Question 11

If breathing is under high demand which muscle help

Answer 11

accessory muscles

Question 12

What are the accessory muscle called

Answer 12

Sternocleidomastoid and Scalene.

Question 13

Is inspiration active or passive

Answer 13

Active

Question 14

Is expiration active or passive

Answer 14

Passive

Question 15

Expiration occurs due to…

Answer 15

relaxation of the muscles and elastic recoil of the lungs

Question 16

Cycle of breathin

Answer 16

Inspiration, expiration, pause.

Question 17

How long is inspiration

Answer 17

2 secs

Question 18

How long is expiration

Answer 18

3 secs

Question 19

What is tidal volume

Answer 19

resting volume of air in lungs- 500ml

Question 20

Deep breath out relies on…

Answer 20

Expiratory reserve volume- 1200ml

Question 21

Air always left in lungs…

Answer 21

residual volume- 1200ml

Question 22

Deep breath in/ over ventilate

Answer 22

Inspiratory reserve volume- 3100ml

Question 23

Total lung capacity

Answer 23

5000ml

Question 24

Vital lung capacity

Answer 24

4800ml

Question 25

Functional residual capacity

Answer 25

2400ml

Question 26

Inspiration capacity

Answer 26

3600ml

Question 27

Elasticity

Answer 27

The ability for the lung to return to its normal self

Question 28

Compliance

Answer 28

Effort required to inflate the alveoli

Question 29

Airway resistance

Answer 29

broncho- constriction means more effort is required to inflate the lungs.

Question 30

Daltons law

Answer 30

In a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Question 31

diffusion occurs to

Answer 31

a difference in the partial pressures of a gas on either side of a semi- permeable membrane

Question 32

During diffusion of the air

Answer 32

The gas will diffuse from a high partial pressure to a low partial pressure.

Question 33

What % of oxygen is carried by haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 33

98.5%

Question 34

What % of oxygen is carried in plasma

Answer 34

1.5%

Question 35

What % of carbondioxide is transported in the plasma

Answer 35

77%

Question 36

What % of carbondioxide is carried as carbaminohaemoglobin

Answer 36

23%

Question 37

Henrys law

Answer 37

The quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to…

Question 38

WHats the respiratory centre in the brain

Answer 38

Respiratory (Medullary) Rhythmicity centre