ECG's Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ECG?

A

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart.

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2
Q

Where does the electrical activity travel in the heart?

A

SA node (RA) to Bachmans bundle (LA) and AV node. Then to bundle of His and down bundle branches to Purkinje fibres through ventricles.

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3
Q

What is happening in depolarisation?

A

When sodium floods in a potassium floods out and the electrical wave moves.

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4
Q

Repolarisation is what?

A

When the sodium and potasium resore to normal.

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5
Q

Contraction is depolarisation or repolarisation?

A

depolarisation.

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6
Q

Relaxing of the cardiac muscles is depolarisation or repolarisation?

A

repolarisation.

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7
Q

Where are the lead placements of a 3 lead ECG?

A

red-right arm, yellow- left arm, black- right leg, green- left leg.

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8
Q

How many leads does a 3 lead ECG have?

A

4

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9
Q

Which way are the ‘pictures’ taken?

A

Right arm to left arm (lead 1), Right arm to left leg (lead 2). Left arm to left leg (lead 3).

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10
Q

When is a positive deflection?

A

when electricity is towards a positive.

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11
Q

When is a negative deflection?

A

when electricity is away from a positive

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12
Q

what is the isoelectic line

A

the invisible line of an ecg that everything returns to

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13
Q

which lead is the most positive and why?

A

lead 2 because overall wave of electricity is right atria to left venticle.

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14
Q

how fast does ecg paper travel

A

25mm per second

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15
Q

the tiny square on an ecg is how long?

A

0.04 seconds

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16
Q

5 tiny squares on an ecg are how long

A

0.2 seconds

17
Q

time runs which way on ecg paper

18
Q

What is a P wave

A

depolerisation of atria (positive)

19
Q

How long should a P wave be?

A

0.08-0.12 seconds (2-3 squares)

20
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

time between start of P wave and start of QRT complex

21
Q

How long should PR be?

A

0.12-0.2 seconds (3-5 squares)

22
Q

What hapens in the heart at PR

A

AV node holds electricity

23
Q

QRS complex represents what?

A

ventricular depolarisation

24
Q

How long should a QRS interval be?

A

0.04-0.12 seconds (1-3 squares)

25
Is Q positive or negative
negative
26
do ecgs need qr and s
no
27
What is the T wave measuring
ventricular repolarisation
28
Why is a T wave positive if its repolarisation?
see suzy
29
Why is QRS bigger than P?
over bigger area
30
QT intervals shorten when what happens?
heart rate increases
31
ST should always...
return to isoelectric line
32
U wave represents?
late repolarisation
33
Is a U wave normal?
yes but uncommon
34
What 10 things do you need to look at on an ECG
what is the heart rate? Is the heart rate regular? Are there P waves? Are P waves all the same size and shape? Is there a P wave before every QRS complex? Is there a QRS complex after every P wave? Is the PR interval normal? Is the QRS interval normal? Are the T waves normal? Is the ST segment iso-electric?
35
What preparation is needed for the patient?
expose as necessary, select are prepare electrode site (wipe if necessary), shave patient if necessary, attach leads to electrodes, attach electrodes to patient.
36
Where is the pacemaker in a normal ecg?
SA node
37
what is a normal ecg called?
normal sinus rhythm
38
What does PEA stand for
pulseless electrical activity