Nervous System Flashcards
Communication to the external environment is through:
Verbal and non-verbal communication, special senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch and balance)
Internal communication is through which 2 systems?
Endocrine system and nervous system
The endocrine system: Glands are situated… Secrete… which target… and… Slower than…
in different parts of the body. hormones, cells, tissues. nerves.
Nervous system is involved in… and… It co-ordinates activities and actions of … It is … than the endocrine system.
Communication, controlling. individual body systems. Faster.
What 2 systems work together to maintain homeostasis
Nervous and endocrine systems
Principle functions of the nervous system
Receive, convey, integrate
Recieve
Receive stimuli from outside and inside the body. Analyse information. Coordinate an appropriate response
Concey
Convey impulses from the brain. Stimulate or depress activity in muscles, glands or other tissues
Integrate
Integrate there many different functions carried out by the individual organ tissues and cells
The two types of nervous tissue
Neurones (conduct nerve impulses) and neuroglia (unique connective tissue that supports neurones)
How many more neuroglia than neurones are there?
10 times more
CNS stands for…
Central nervous system
Two parts of the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
3 parts of brain in CNS
Cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem
3 parts of brain stem in CNS
Mid brain pons variolli and medulla oblongata
What surround the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
5 layers of meninges
Skull, dura mater (double layer), arachnoid mater, pie mater, cerebrospinal fluid
How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the peripheral nervous system
31
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there
12
What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic NS (voluntary and consciously percieved) Autonomic NS (involuntary)
2 parts of Autonomic NS
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
In a non-myelinated neuron the main parts are…
The dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, neurilemma and terminal boutons
Dendrite is… and the… of the nervous system
An extension of the cell body. White matter of the nervous system.
Cell body forms the… of the nervous system… and is found in the… of the brain and the.. of the spinal cord
Grey matter of the nervous system . Found in the periphery of the brain and the centre of the spinal cord
Axon is a.. of the cell body. It can be…
Extension of the cell body. Myelinated and un-mylinated
Terminal boutons contain what?
Neurotransmitters
What changes the electrical impulse of the cell
The movement of sodium and potassium ions through the axon
Is myelinated or unmylinated neuron faster
Mylinated
Myelin sheths cause the impulses to…
To jump
Myelinated neurones are… They have … of … wrapped around the axon and between the layers is myelin (…) Myelin insulates the… and nodes of … assist rapid transmission of nerve…
Peripheral, concentric layers, Schwann cell plasma membrane, fatty substance, axon, ranvier, impulses.
At terminal boutons the impulse is changed from
Electrical to chemical
Neurotransmitters are made by
Nerve cells
Neurotransmitters are stored in
Terminal boutons
Neurotransmitters convert info from
One neurone to another
Peripheral nerves are…
Myelinated
Shwann cell plasma membrane wrap around the ….
Axon and between layers in myelin
Node of ranvier assist
Rapid transmission of nerve impulses
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the body. Found in the CNS and the PNS.
Functions of acetylcholine
Stimulates muscles to contract. Memory and cognition.
A nerve is numerous…
Neurones that are collected into bundles
Afferent vs efferent
Sensory vs motor
Afferent nerves
Carry information from the body to the spinal cord and can be autonomic
Efferent nerves
Originate from the brain and the spinal cord. Transmit impulses to the effector organs: muscles and glands
Are neuroglia excitable or non excitable
Non excitable
4 types if neuroglia
Astrocytes oligodendrocytes ependymal cells microglia
Neurones are supported by
Neuroglia
Somatic vs autonomic
Voluntary vs involuntary
Sympathetic nervous system vs parasympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight vs rest and digest
Cranial nerve impulses originate from…
Nuclei within the brain
How are cranial nerves numbered?
Roman numerals (1-12) in order that they connect to brain
Vagus nerve is the … cranial nerve and forms part of the.. nervous system
10th, parasympathetic
In the cervical area of the spine how many nerve pairs are there?
8
In the thoracic area of the spine how many nerve pairs are there?
12
In the lumbar area of the spine how many nerve pairs are there?
5
In the sacral area of the spine how many nerve pairs are there?
5
In the coccygeal area of the spine how many nerve pairs are there?
1
