Gastrointestinal (GI) System Flashcards
What is the GI system a collective name for?
Alimentary canal (AC), accessory organs and digestive processes.
Where does the AC travel?
From the mouth, passes through thorax, abdomen and pelvis before ending at anus.
What is the purpose of the digestive process?
to break down food so the body can absorb the nutrients.
GI tract organs.
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal.
Accessory organs in the GI tract.
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, biliary ducts, gall bladder.
What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver, gall bladder, right kidney.
What organs are in the epigastric region?
Stomach, liver, pancreas, right and left kidneys.
What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?
Stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen.
What organs are in the right lumbar region?
Liver (tip), small intestine, ascending colon, right kidney.
What organs are in the umbilical region?
stomach, pancreas, small intestine, transverse colon.
What organs are in the left lumbar region?
small intestine, descending colon, left kidney
What organs are in the right iliac region?
small intestine, appendix, cecum and ascending colon.
What organs are in the suprapubic/ hypogastric region?
small intestine, sigmoid colon, bladder.
What organs are in the left iliac region?
small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon.
Name the digestive processes.
Ingestion, propulsion, digestion (mechanical breakdown and chemical digestion), absorbtion, elimination.
What is ingestion?
Eating and drinking.
What is propulsion?
Mixing and moving down oesophagus by the muscle contractions.
What is the muscle movement in the oesophagus called?
Peristalsis.
What is digestion split into?
mechanical breakdown eg. mastication (chewing) and chemical digestion by enzymes in secretions from glands and accessory muscles.
What is absorbtion?
Some digested food passes through some of the digestive tract organ walls in to circulation.
What is elimination?
Where some food cannot be digestive and absorbed.
What is the peritoneum?
A closed sac containing a small amount serous fluid with abdominal cavity.
What is the job of the peritoneum?
Provides a barrier to stop the spread of infection.
What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
Perietal layer which lines the abdo wall, and the visceral layer which covers organs witin the abdo and pelvic cavity.
