Gastrointestinal (GI) System

Question 1

What is the GI system a collective name for?

Answer 1

Alimentary canal (AC), accessory organs and digestive processes.

Question 2

Where does the AC travel?

Answer 2

From the mouth, passes through thorax, abdomen and pelvis before ending at anus.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the digestive process?

Answer 3

to break down food so the body can absorb the nutrients.

Question 4

GI tract organs.

Answer 4

Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal.

Question 5

Accessory organs in the GI tract.

Answer 5

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, biliary ducts, gall bladder.

Question 6

What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?

Answer 6

Liver, gall bladder, right kidney.

Question 7

What organs are in the epigastric region?

Answer 7

Stomach, liver, pancreas, right and left kidneys.

Question 8

What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?

Answer 8

Stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen.

Question 9

What organs are in the right lumbar region?

Answer 9

Liver (tip), small intestine, ascending colon, right kidney.

Question 10

What organs are in the umbilical region?

Answer 10

stomach, pancreas, small intestine, transverse colon.

Question 11

What organs are in the left lumbar region?

Answer 11

small intestine, descending colon, left kidney

Question 12

What organs are in the right iliac region?

Answer 12

small intestine, appendix, cecum and ascending colon.

Question 13

What organs are in the suprapubic/ hypogastric region?

Answer 13

small intestine, sigmoid colon, bladder.

Question 14

What organs are in the left iliac region?

Answer 14

small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon.

Question 15

Name the digestive processes.

Answer 15

Ingestion, propulsion, digestion (mechanical breakdown and chemical digestion), absorbtion, elimination.

Question 16

What is ingestion?

Answer 16

Eating and drinking.

Question 17

What is propulsion?

Answer 17

Mixing and moving down oesophagus by the muscle contractions.

Question 18

What is the muscle movement in the oesophagus called?

Answer 18

Peristalsis.

Question 19

What is digestion split into?

Answer 19

mechanical breakdown eg. mastication (chewing) and chemical digestion by enzymes in secretions from glands and accessory muscles.

Question 20

What is absorbtion?

Answer 20

Some digested food passes through some of the digestive tract organ walls in to circulation.

Question 21

What is elimination?

Answer 21

Where some food cannot be digestive and absorbed.

Question 22

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 22

A closed sac containing a small amount serous fluid with abdominal cavity.

Question 23

What is the job of the peritoneum?

Answer 23

Provides a barrier to stop the spread of infection.

Question 24

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 24

Perietal layer which lines the abdo wall, and the visceral layer which covers organs witin the abdo and pelvic cavity.

Question 25

What is between the two peritoneum layers?

Answer 25

Peritoneal cavity is a potential cavity – layers are in contact with a small amount of serous fluid in-between them.

Question 26

What is the mouth?

Answer 26

Oral cavity lined with mucous membrane (stratified squamous epithelium containing mucus secreting glands).

Question 27

Where is the vestibule?

Answer 27

between gums and cheeks.

Question 28

Mucous membrane on cheeks & lips is … with skin of face.

Answer 28

continuous

Question 29

The palate is split into 2 parts, the hard palate…

Answer 29

which is anterior, formed by maxilla and palatine bones.

Question 30

The palate is split into 2 parts, the soft palate…

Answer 30

which is posterior, muscular. Curves down from posterior hard palate to merge with pharynx walls.

Question 31

The dangling bit at the back of the mouth is called the…

Answer 31

Uvula – curved fold muscle hanging from soft palate.

Question 32

T/F the tongue is an involuntary muscle.

Answer 32

False.

Question 33

Where is the tongue attached?

Answer 33

Attached by its base to hyoid bone and a fold of mucous membrane (frenulum).