Gastrointestinal (GI) System Flashcards
What is the GI system a collective name for?
Alimentary canal (AC), accessory organs and digestive processes.
Where does the AC travel?
From the mouth, passes through thorax, abdomen and pelvis before ending at anus.
What is the purpose of the digestive process?
to break down food so the body can absorb the nutrients.
GI tract organs.
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal.
Accessory organs in the GI tract.
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, biliary ducts, gall bladder.
What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver, gall bladder, right kidney.
What organs are in the epigastric region?
Stomach, liver, pancreas, right and left kidneys.
What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?
Stomach, liver (tip), left kidney, spleen.
What organs are in the right lumbar region?
Liver (tip), small intestine, ascending colon, right kidney.
What organs are in the umbilical region?
stomach, pancreas, small intestine, transverse colon.
What organs are in the left lumbar region?
small intestine, descending colon, left kidney
What organs are in the right iliac region?
small intestine, appendix, cecum and ascending colon.
What organs are in the suprapubic/ hypogastric region?
small intestine, sigmoid colon, bladder.
What organs are in the left iliac region?
small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon.
Name the digestive processes.
Ingestion, propulsion, digestion (mechanical breakdown and chemical digestion), absorbtion, elimination.
What is ingestion?
Eating and drinking.
What is propulsion?
Mixing and moving down oesophagus by the muscle contractions.
What is the muscle movement in the oesophagus called?
Peristalsis.
What is digestion split into?
mechanical breakdown eg. mastication (chewing) and chemical digestion by enzymes in secretions from glands and accessory muscles.
What is absorbtion?
Some digested food passes through some of the digestive tract organ walls in to circulation.
What is elimination?
Where some food cannot be digestive and absorbed.
What is the peritoneum?
A closed sac containing a small amount serous fluid with abdominal cavity.
What is the job of the peritoneum?
Provides a barrier to stop the spread of infection.
What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
Perietal layer which lines the abdo wall, and the visceral layer which covers organs witin the abdo and pelvic cavity.
What is between the two peritoneum layers?
Peritoneal cavity is a potential cavity – layers are in contact with a small amount of serous fluid in-between them.
What is the mouth?
Oral cavity lined with mucous membrane (stratified squamous epithelium containing mucus secreting glands).
Where is the vestibule?
between gums and cheeks.
Mucous membrane on cheeks & lips is … with skin of face.
continuous
The palate is split into 2 parts, the hard palate…
which is anterior, formed by maxilla and palatine bones.
The palate is split into 2 parts, the soft palate…
which is posterior, muscular. Curves down from posterior hard palate to merge with pharynx walls.
The dangling bit at the back of the mouth is called the…
Uvula – curved fold muscle hanging from soft palate.
T/F the tongue is an involuntary muscle.
False.
Where is the tongue attached?
Attached by its base to hyoid bone and a fold of mucous membrane (frenulum).
