Respiration Flashcards
Amount of Nitrogen in the air.
79%
Amount of Oxygen in the air.
20%
Amount of water vapour in the air.
variable
Amount of inert gases in the air.
1%
Expired nitrogen.
79%
Expired oxygen.
16%
Expired water vapour.
To saturation
Expired inert gases.
1%
Does the mouth come into the respiratory system?
No
What moves O2 and CO2 round the body?
The blood.
In order for metabolic activity to take place in cells, the body requires….
Energy
The opening of the nose is called…
Anterior nares.
What is the front cartilage on nose called?
Hyaline cartilage.
The bone above nose cartilage is called the…
Nasal bone.
Space above nasal bone is called…
Sinus in frontal bone.
Bone above teeth is called…
Maxilla.
Bone on roof of mouth is called…
Hard palate.
Folds in nasal passage (bottom to top)
Inferior nasal concha, middle and superior
Conchae increase…
Surface area and warms air.
Conchae are very…
vascular
It is important to warm the air so that…
The lungs don’t go into spasm
The nasal passage is filled with…
ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells (filters air)
The mucus produced by goblet cells…
moistens the air for the alveoli.
What is Charles law?
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
How long is the Pharynx?
12-14cm
The pharynx extends from…
Base of skull to C6
Where does Pharynx lie?
Behind the nose, mouth and larynx is wider at its upper end.
What three parts is the pharynx divided into?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx.
What is the oropharynx lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Functions of the pharynx
Passageway for air and food.
Warms and humidified.
Taste and hearing, protection and speech.
What are the four parts of the Larynx?
Hyoid bone, Thyroid cartilage, Notch and Cricoid cartridge, cricoid membrane.
Larynx is larger in…
Males.
Larynx is also known as the…
voice box.
What does the larynx contain?
The vocal cords.
What does the larynx work in conjunction with?
Epiglottis.
The trachea is a continuation of the…
Larynx
The trachea is how long
10-11cm
Where does the trachea extend to
5th thoracic vertebre
the trachea divides into the
Brochai (left and right)
The trachea has cartilage in what shape
C shape
Why is the cartilidge in trachea a c shape?
The oesopharynx (food pipe) needs room to expand.
The trachea is lined with
Ciliated columnar epithelium and mucus secreting goblet cells.
true or false? The right brochus is wider, shorter and more verticle than the left.
True
Smaller cartilidge in bronchai allows for expantion of lungs
true
brochais are divided into
Primary, secondary and tertiary
The lungs are midial or lateral to midline
lateral
lungs are in which carvity
thoratic
lung apex lies close to…
first rib
How many lobes are in the right lung
3
The left lung has how many lobes
2 and a cardiac notch
In the bronchioles the cartilidge is replaced by…
smooth muscle
In the bronchioles the ciliated epithelium is replaced by…
non-ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells disappear.
What regulates air movement into lungs?
Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle.
In terminal bronchioles there is less and less
Muscle
Terminal bronchioles are eventually replaced by…
Simple squamous epithelium- the alveoli
Alveoli are one cell thick to allow for…
gas exchange
The alveoli have elastic fibres and
capilaries
What is external respiration?
O2 from atmosphere into lungs to blood. CO2 goes from blood to lungs then to atmosphere.
What is internal respiration?
Oxygen from blood goes into tissues and waste products go from tissue to blood.
Boyles law
The pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of a container.
Diffusion allows the movement of substance such as O2 and CO2 across a semipermeable membrane from a region of…
high concentration to lower concentration.
What is a shunt?
Where deoxygenated blood meets oxygenated.
What type of respiration does the body use normally?
Aerobic.
Space behind nasal passage
Sinus in sphenoid bone.
Tonsil in nose.
Nasopharyngeal tonsil.
Posterior gap in nose by nasopharyngeal tonsil.
Nasopharynx.
Ears and nose are connected through the…
Opening of auditory tube.
Area behind hard palate.
Soft palate.
As air in the lungs warms it…
expands.
What tissue in the pharynx fights infection?
Lymphoid tissue.
What is the pharynx lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
What holds open the pharynx?
Smooth muscle
Name the three tonsils in the pharynx.
Adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil), tonsil (palatine tonsils), lingual tonsils.
