Blood

Question 1

Blood allows for communication between..

Answer 1

Distant cells

Question 2

What type of tissue is blood

Answer 2

Connective

Question 3

What does blood transport?

Answer 3

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones, protective substances, clotting factors and heat.

Question 4

pH of blood

Answer 4

7.4 (alkaline)

Question 5

% of liquid and % of solid in blood

Answer 5

55% liquid, 45% solid

Question 6

The main components of blood

Answer 6

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes

Question 7

Plasma water content

Answer 7

90-92%

Question 8

What 6 things are distended and dissolved in plasma?

Answer 8

Plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, hormones and gases

Question 9

What do plasma proteins maintain?

Answer 9

Osmotic pressure

Question 10

Plasma proteins are to large to…

Answer 10

Enter cells

Question 11

Most to least abundant plasma proteins

Answer 11

Albumin, glibulins, prothrombin

Question 12

What two things mainly cause plasma viscosity?

Answer 12

Albumin and fibrinogen

Question 13

Albumin main functions are to…

Answer 13

Maintain normal osmotic pressure and transport some drugs

Question 14

Glibulin are used for…

Answer 14

antibodies and for transportation

Question 15

Fibrogen and prothrombin take part in the…

Answer 15

Clotting process

Question 16

Electrolytes in sodium potassium pump

Answer 16

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-

Question 17

4 products of digestion

Answer 17

Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol

Question 18

Waste products are produced by the… and transported by the… for…

Answer 18

liver, kidneys, excretion.

Question 19

98.5% of oxygen is carried in

Answer 19

Haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin

Question 20

1.5% of oxygen is carried in

Answer 20

Solution in the plasma

Question 21

77% of carbon dioxide is transported

Answer 21

In the plasma

Question 22

23% of carbon dioxide is carried

Answer 22

On haemoglobin as carbaminohaekoglobin

Question 23

3 types of blood cell

Answer 23

Erythrocytes, platelets(thrombocytes), leukocytes

Question 24

Where are blood cells produced

Answer 24

Red bone marrow (haemopoiesis)

Question 25

99% of blood cells are

Answer 25

Erythrocytes

Question 26

Erythrocytes have no...

Answer 26

Nucleus

Question 27

Why are erythrocytes bioconcave?

Answer 27

To maximise surface area for haemoglobin

Question 28

Erythrocytes are flexible so that they can do what?

Answer 28

Squeeze through capillaries

Question 29

What is the life span of erythrocytes?

Answer 29

120 days, 1% replaced daily

Question 30

Where are erythrocytes destroyed?

Answer 30

The spleen, bone marrow and liver

Question 31

Haemoglobin is made up of

Answer 31

Globin (iron complex)

Question 32

Each haemoglobin has 4 what?

Answer 32

Strands and haem units

Question 33

Each haem unit carries...

Answer 33

1 oxygen molecule

Question 34

Each erythrocyte carries how many haemoglobin molecules?

Answer 34

280 million

Question 35

When 4 haem cites are are full it's called

Answer 35

Saturated

Question 36

Oxygen saturated blood is

Answer 36

Red

Question 37

When will haemoglobin release oxygen?

Answer 37

Low pH, hypoxia and high temperature

Question 38

Leukocytes control what two things?

Answer 38

Defence and immunity, and detecting foreign material and destroying it.

Question 39

Leukocytes are the... sized blood cell, and have...

Answer 39

Largest, nuclei

Question 40

Two main types of leukocytes

Answer 40

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 41

3 types of glanulocytes

Answer 41

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 42

2 types of agranulocytes

Answer 42

Monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 43

Glanulocyles: neutrophils do what two things?

Answer 43

Protect against bacterial invasion and can squeeze through capillary walls.

Question 44

Glanulocytes: eosinophils eliminate... they contain... and promote...

Answer 44

parasites such as worms, toxic chemicals, tissue inflammation.

Question 45

Glanulocytes: basophils

Answer 45

Associated with allergic reactions. 0acked with heparin and histamine. Promotes inflammation.

Question 46

Agranulocytes: monocytes

Answer 46

Circulate in blood and are phagocytic and can seal foreign material off in capsules.

Question 47

Agranulocytes: monocytes stimulate

Answer 47

The hypothalamus, producing a rise in body temperature

Question 48

Agranulocytes: lymphocytes

Answer 48

Mainly found in in tissue. Form t-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes

Question 49

T-lymphocytes

Answer 49

Send chemical instructions to the rest of the immune system so that your body can then produce them to kill the invaders. Other types if t-cells recognise and kill virus infected cells directly

Question 50

B-lymphocyes

Answer 50

With T-lymphocytes they produce antibodies so that the body can then produce toxic substances

Question 51

Platelets promote

Answer 51

Blood clotting

Question 52

A third of platelets are stored in the

Answer 52

Spleen

Question 53

How long do platelets last

Answer 53

8-11 days and if not used in haemostasis are destroyed by macrophages

Question 54

In vasoconstriction platelets...

Answer 54

Release serotonin

Question 55

Platelets plug formation

Answer 55

Clumping occurs and released chemicals attract more platelets (6-10 minutes)

Question 56

What is the name for breakdown of a clot

Answer 56

Fibrinolysis

Question 57

In haemostasis factors activate one another which...

Answer 57

Culminates in fibrin being formed. Blood cells become trapped. Clot squeezes out serum and shrinks which pulls the broken walls together.