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Anatomy And Physiology For Paramedic Science > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood allows for communication between..

A

Distant cells

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2
Q

What type of tissue is blood

A

Connective

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3
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones, protective substances, clotting factors and heat.

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4
Q

pH of blood

A

7.4 (alkaline)

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5
Q

% of liquid and % of solid in blood

A

55% liquid, 45% solid

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6
Q

The main components of blood

A

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes

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7
Q

Plasma water content

A

90-92%

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8
Q

What 6 things are distended and dissolved in plasma?

A

Plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, hormones and gases

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9
Q

What do plasma proteins maintain?

A

Osmotic pressure

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10
Q

Plasma proteins are to large to…

A

Enter cells

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11
Q

Most to least abundant plasma proteins

A

Albumin, glibulins, prothrombin

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12
Q

What two things mainly cause plasma viscosity?

A

Albumin and fibrinogen

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13
Q

Albumin main functions are to…

A

Maintain normal osmotic pressure and transport some drugs

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14
Q

Glibulin are used for…

A

antibodies and for transportation

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15
Q

Fibrogen and prothrombin take part in the…

A

Clotting process

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16
Q

Electrolytes in sodium potassium pump

A

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-

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17
Q

4 products of digestion

A

Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol

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18
Q

Waste products are produced by the… and transported by the… for…

A

liver, kidneys, excretion.

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19
Q

98.5% of oxygen is carried in

A

Haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin

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20
Q

1.5% of oxygen is carried in

A

Solution in the plasma

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21
Q

77% of carbon dioxide is transported

A

In the plasma

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22
Q

23% of carbon dioxide is carried

A

On haemoglobin as carbaminohaekoglobin

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23
Q

3 types of blood cell

A

Erythrocytes, platelets(thrombocytes), leukocytes

24
Q

Where are blood cells produced

A

Red bone marrow (haemopoiesis)

25
Q

99% of blood cells are

A

Erythrocytes

26
Q

Erythrocytes have no…

A

Nucleus

27
Q

Why are erythrocytes bioconcave?

A

To maximise surface area for haemoglobin

28
Q

Erythrocytes are flexible so that they can do what?

A

Squeeze through capillaries

29
Q

What is the life span of erythrocytes?

A

120 days, 1% replaced daily

30
Q

Where are erythrocytes destroyed?

A

The spleen, bone marrow and liver

31
Q

Haemoglobin is made up of

A

Globin (iron complex)

32
Q

Each haemoglobin has 4 what?

A

Strands and haem units

33
Q

Each haem unit carries…

A

1 oxygen molecule

34
Q

Each erythrocyte carries how many haemoglobin molecules?

A

280 million

35
Q

When 4 haem cites are are full it’s called

A

Saturated

36
Q

Oxygen saturated blood is

A

Red

37
Q

When will haemoglobin release oxygen?

A

Low pH, hypoxia and high temperature

38
Q

Leukocytes control what two things?

A

Defence and immunity, and detecting foreign material and destroying it.

39
Q

Leukocytes are the… sized blood cell, and have…

A

Largest, nuclei

40
Q

Two main types of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

41
Q

3 types of glanulocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

42
Q

2 types of agranulocytes

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

43
Q

Glanulocyles: neutrophils do what two things?

A

Protect against bacterial invasion and can squeeze through capillary walls.

44
Q

Glanulocytes: eosinophils eliminate… they contain… and promote…

A

parasites such as worms, toxic chemicals, tissue inflammation.

45
Q

Glanulocytes: basophils

A

Associated with allergic reactions. 0acked with heparin and histamine. Promotes inflammation.

46
Q

Agranulocytes: monocytes

A

Circulate in blood and are phagocytic and can seal foreign material off in capsules.

47
Q

Agranulocytes: monocytes stimulate

A

The hypothalamus, producing a rise in body temperature

48
Q

Agranulocytes: lymphocytes

A

Mainly found in in tissue. Form t-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes

49
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

Send chemical instructions to the rest of the immune system so that your body can then produce them to kill the invaders. Other types if t-cells recognise and kill virus infected cells directly

50
Q

B-lymphocyes

A

With T-lymphocytes they produce antibodies so that the body can then produce toxic substances

51
Q

Platelets promote

A

Blood clotting

52
Q

A third of platelets are stored in the

A

Spleen

53
Q

How long do platelets last

A

8-11 days and if not used in haemostasis are destroyed by macrophages

54
Q

In vasoconstriction platelets…

A

Release serotonin

55
Q

Platelets plug formation

A

Clumping occurs and released chemicals attract more platelets (6-10 minutes)

56
Q

What is the name for breakdown of a clot

A

Fibrinolysis

57
Q

In haemostasis factors activate one another which…

A

Culminates in fibrin being formed. Blood cells become trapped. Clot squeezes out serum and shrinks which pulls the broken walls together.

Anatomy And Physiology For Paramedic Science (26 decks)

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