Blood Flashcards
Blood allows for communication between..
Distant cells
What type of tissue is blood
Connective
What does blood transport?
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones, protective substances, clotting factors and heat.
pH of blood
7.4 (alkaline)
% of liquid and % of solid in blood
55% liquid, 45% solid
The main components of blood
plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes
Plasma water content
90-92%
What 6 things are distended and dissolved in plasma?
Plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, hormones and gases
What do plasma proteins maintain?
Osmotic pressure
Plasma proteins are to large to…
Enter cells
Most to least abundant plasma proteins
Albumin, glibulins, prothrombin
What two things mainly cause plasma viscosity?
Albumin and fibrinogen
Albumin main functions are to…
Maintain normal osmotic pressure and transport some drugs
Glibulin are used for…
antibodies and for transportation
Fibrogen and prothrombin take part in the…
Clotting process
Electrolytes in sodium potassium pump
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-
4 products of digestion
Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol
Waste products are produced by the… and transported by the… for…
liver, kidneys, excretion.
98.5% of oxygen is carried in
Haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin
1.5% of oxygen is carried in
Solution in the plasma
77% of carbon dioxide is transported
In the plasma
23% of carbon dioxide is carried
On haemoglobin as carbaminohaekoglobin
3 types of blood cell
Erythrocytes, platelets(thrombocytes), leukocytes
Where are blood cells produced
Red bone marrow (haemopoiesis)
99% of blood cells are
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes have no…
Nucleus
Why are erythrocytes bioconcave?
To maximise surface area for haemoglobin
Erythrocytes are flexible so that they can do what?
Squeeze through capillaries
What is the life span of erythrocytes?
120 days, 1% replaced daily
Where are erythrocytes destroyed?
The spleen, bone marrow and liver
Haemoglobin is made up of
Globin (iron complex)
Each haemoglobin has 4 what?
Strands and haem units
Each haem unit carries…
1 oxygen molecule
Each erythrocyte carries how many haemoglobin molecules?
280 million
When 4 haem cites are are full it’s called
Saturated
Oxygen saturated blood is
Red
When will haemoglobin release oxygen?
Low pH, hypoxia and high temperature
Leukocytes control what two things?
Defence and immunity, and detecting foreign material and destroying it.
Leukocytes are the… sized blood cell, and have…
Largest, nuclei
Two main types of leukocytes
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
3 types of glanulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
2 types of agranulocytes
Monocytes and lymphocytes
Glanulocyles: neutrophils do what two things?
Protect against bacterial invasion and can squeeze through capillary walls.
Glanulocytes: eosinophils eliminate… they contain… and promote…
parasites such as worms, toxic chemicals, tissue inflammation.
Glanulocytes: basophils
Associated with allergic reactions. 0acked with heparin and histamine. Promotes inflammation.
Agranulocytes: monocytes
Circulate in blood and are phagocytic and can seal foreign material off in capsules.
Agranulocytes: monocytes stimulate
The hypothalamus, producing a rise in body temperature
Agranulocytes: lymphocytes
Mainly found in in tissue. Form t-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Send chemical instructions to the rest of the immune system so that your body can then produce them to kill the invaders. Other types if t-cells recognise and kill virus infected cells directly
B-lymphocyes
With T-lymphocytes they produce antibodies so that the body can then produce toxic substances
Platelets promote
Blood clotting
A third of platelets are stored in the
Spleen
How long do platelets last
8-11 days and if not used in haemostasis are destroyed by macrophages
In vasoconstriction platelets…
Release serotonin
Platelets plug formation
Clumping occurs and released chemicals attract more platelets (6-10 minutes)
What is the name for breakdown of a clot
Fibrinolysis
In haemostasis factors activate one another which…
Culminates in fibrin being formed. Blood cells become trapped. Clot squeezes out serum and shrinks which pulls the broken walls together.
