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NMSK 1 > TISSUE TYPES- BONE > Flashcards

TISSUE TYPES- BONE Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the periosteum found

A

Covers the outer surfaces of bones

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2
Q

What is the structure and function of the periosteum

A
  • Is a tough fibrous membrane

- Forms bone during development (also in the healing of a fracture )

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3
Q

What is compact bone

A

Solid bone consisting of lamellar bone arranged around closely packed osteons or haversian systems

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4
Q

What is cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone

Has varying density

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5
Q

What is the medullary cavity

A

Contains bone marrow - fat in older animals

Produces red and white blood cells

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6
Q

What is the axial skeleton

A

The bones forming the axis or centre of the animal.

E.g. bones f the head, neck, vertebrae column, ribs, (pelvis) and tail.

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7
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton

A

Regions that are attached

E.g. bones of the forelimbs and hind limbs

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8
Q

What are visceral bones

A

Develop inn the soft tissues, away from the rest of the skeleton

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of visceral bones

A

Os penis. Inn the dog and cat

Os cordially in the heart of ruminants

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10
Q

What are the different types of bones

A 
Long bones 
Short bones
Flat bones
Sesamoid bones
irregular bones
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11
Q

What are the main features of a long bone

A

Cylindrical shape
Main part of bone is a column providing strength, expanded ends providing transfer of load
Resist compression when loaded, act as levers and resist tension during uncle contraction

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12
Q

Which cells make up bone

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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13
Q

What do osteoblasts do

A

Synthesise and secrete osteoid

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14
Q

What do osteocytes do

A

Maintain matrix

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15
Q

What do osteocytes do

A

Responsible for bone reasorbtion - get rid of old bone to make new osteons

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16
Q

Where would you find osteocytes

A

Scattered within matrix

Reside within lacunae (little holes) which are interconnected by canaliculi

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17
Q

What do osteoclasts look like

A

Are large cells with multiple nuclei

18
Q

What makes up the inorganic component of bone

A

Minerals
Calcium and phosphorous
Make bone radio-opaque

19
Q

What makes up the organic part of the bone matrix

A

Osteoid
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans
Bone sialoproteins

20
Q

What makes up the osteoid

A

Collagen type 1

Strong inert fibrils

21
Q

What does glycoproteins do in the bone matrix

A

Binds collagen and mineral

22
Q

What do proteoglycans do in the bone matrix

A

Bind growth factors

23
Q

What do bone sialoproteins do in the bone matrix

A

They are associated with cell adhesion

24
Q

What are the 2 types of bone tissue

A

Woven Bone

Lamellar bone

25
Q

What is woven bone

A

Quick and dirty formation
Occurs in young growing animals and during fracture repair
Mineralises quickly

26
Q

What is lamellar bone

A

Replaces woven bone

Parallel fibres make this type of bone structurally superior

27
Q

What is another name for a haversian system

A

Osteon

28
Q

How are primary osteons formed

A

Formed when bone is growing
Osteoclasts excavate cylindrical tunnel
Osteoblasts follows, form concentric lamellar of lamellar bone on walls, surrounding a centrally in- growing blood vessel

29
Q

What is different about secondary osteons

A

Formed the exact same way just come off the primary osteon

30
Q

What are the two types of ossification

A

Endochondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification

31
Q

What is endochonral ossification

A

In direct
Cartilage is invaded by vessels and undergoes mineralisation
Occurs in the growth plates

32
Q

What is intrmembranous ossification

A

Direct
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts and produce bone directly
No pre-existing cartilage model

33
Q

What does endochonral ossifaction form

A

Length growth in long bones

34
Q

What does intramembranous ossification form

A 
Flat bones ( e.g. most of skull )
Width growth in long bones
35
Q

What are the main parts of the haversian system

A 
Haversian canal 
Lamellae
Lacunae
Osteocytes 
Canaliculi
36
Q

What is the Haversian canal

A

Longitudinal canal in the center of haversian systems. Contains blood vessels and nerves

37
Q

What are lamellae

A

Concentric rings of calcified matrix around the Haversian canal

38
Q

What are lacunae

A

Cavities within lamellae that contains osteocytes

39
Q

What are canaliculi

A

Small canals that radiate from he Haversian canal and interconnect lacunae with each other

40
Q

Why is bone remodelling important

A

Changes the bone shape
Changes the bone material
Repairs damaged bone
Releases mineral ions

41
Q

What is the main differences between bone and cartilage

A

Bone is highly vascularised however cartilage is a vascular

Bone is very strong and cartilage is flexible and resistant to compressive forces

42
Q

What are stress fractures

A

Syndrome involving localised bone injury associated with fatigue damage subsequent to repetitive loading

NMSK 1 (36 decks)

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