JOINT ANATOMY Flashcards
What are the 3 types of joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
What are fibrous joints
Are connected. By dense connective tissue - mainly collagen
Also called fixed or immovable joints because they don’t move
Where do fibrous joints occur
Most occur in the skull - sutures
What are cartilaginous joints
Connected entirely by cartilage ( fibrocartilage or hyaline )
Allow more movement than fibrous joints
Also known as synchondroses
Where do cartilaginous joints occur
They include joints between the epiphytes and diaphysis of juvenile long bones and corresponding joints of the base of the skull
What are synovial joints
Articulating bones are separated by a fluid- filled space the joint cavity
Has articular cartilage
most moveable type of joint in the body
What are the different types of synovial joints
Hinge joint Pivot joint Condylar joint Ellipsoidal joint Saddle joint Spheroid joint ( ball and socket joint )
What movements does hinge joints allow
Flexion and extension
Give an example of a hinge joint
Elbow joint between humerus and radius and ulna
What movements does a pivot joint allow
Allow bone rotation about another bone
Give an example of a pivot joint
Atlantoaxial joint
Or proximal radioulnar joint
What movements does a condylar joint allow
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Give an example of a condylar joint
Femorotibial joint
What movements does a ellipsoidal joint allow
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Small amounts of rotation may be possible
Give an example of an ellipsoidal joint
Radiocarpal joint of the dog
What movements can occur at a saddle joint
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Certain amounts of rotation
Give an example of a saddle joint
Distal interphalangeal joint of the dog
What movements does a spheroidal joint allow
Has the greatest versatility of movement Flexion and extension Abduction and adduction Rotation Circumduction
Give an example of a spheroidal joint
Hip joint
What are the main components of synovial joints
Articular cartilage Subchondral bone Epiphytseal bone Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Joint capsule Ligaments
Subchondral bone - function
Forms joint surface and supports cartilage
Distributes the load
Subchondral bone - structure
Haas rich blood supply , lymphatic and nerves
Undulating junctions with cartilage
Has variable thickness
Synovial fluid - function
Lubrication and nutrition- allows nutrients to diffuse from synovial membrane to cartilage
Fills the joint space
Synovial fluid - structure
Clear, slightly yellow, slippery, viscous fluid
Synovial membrane - function
Lines all the inner surfaces of the joint - except cartilage
Brings blood vessels close to cartilage to allow nutrients to diffuse
Produces synovial fluid
Synovial membrane - structure
Highly vascularised
Has 2 main cell types :
- synoviocytes A- eat debris
- synoviocytes B- synthesize collagen and hyaluronan
Joint capsule - Function
Supports the synovial membrane and stabilises the joint
Joint capsule - structure
Contains nerves which are important in proprloception - monitor joint position and movement
Ligament - Function
Collateral ligaments
Provide stability between bones forming the joint
What are tendon sheaths
Protect tendons (surround them )
What are Bursae
Fluid filled sacs that protect soft tissues passing over bones
