INTRO TO INFLAMMATION Flashcards
Explain what is meant by an inflammatory response
An innate immune reaction that ensures immune cells and other substances are bought to the infected area so that:
- Foreign organisms are destroyed or inactivated
- injured tissue or cell ruminants may be removed
- favourable conditions for the healing process are provided
List examples of acute inflammation
- infection by microorganisms
- hypersensitivity
- physical (e.g.burns or UV light)
- chemical corrosives or irritants
- tissue necrosis
List examples of chronic inflammation
- persistent infection (e.g. mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- persistent presence of non-living material (e.g. foreign body)
- immune mediated diseases - including hypersensitivity (e.g arthritis)
List the effects of inflammation
- redness (rubor)
- heat (calor)
- swelling (tumor)
- pain (dolor)
- lack of function
Describe the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response
Are produce by epithelial cells at site of infection and they stimulate other resident cells and attract neutrophils
Describe the effects of histamine on blood vessels
-dilation of blood vessels
-higher permeability of vessels
-activates the endothelium - changing their properties
Leading to:
-warmth
-redness
- local oedema (swelling )
-attraction of other inflammatory cells to the site of release
Describe the process of tethering and rolling of leukocytes
- blood vessel endothelium local to area of inflammation express new receptors= selectins (integrin receptor)
- The external signs also cause leucocytes in the vessels to express integrins which can bind to the receptor
- this bindin slows down the leukocytes near the infected tissues- immobilising them
Describe the process of diapedesis
- The immobilised leukocytes reorganise their cytoskeletons
- changing their cell shape, they then plead out over the endothelium
- then pass between the gaps in the endothelium cells
- the cels will migrate along chemokine gradients
