HINDLIMB

Question 1

What is the stay apparatus in the hindlimb of a horse do

Answer 1

Enables fewer muscles to be used in weight bearing

Question 2

What does the reciprocal apparatus of the horse hindlimb do

Answer 2

Links movement of the stifle and hock joints

Question 3

What is the name of the plexus that innervates the hind limb

Answer 3

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 4

Which muscles adduct the hindlimb

Answer 4

Adductor
Gracilis
Pectineus

Question 5

Origin and insertion of adductor muscles

Answer 5

• origin = ventral aspect of the pelvis

- Insertion = medial aspect of the femur

Question 6

What nerve innervates the adductor muscle

Answer 6

Obturator nerve

Question 7

Origin and insertion of the gracilis

Answer 7

Origin= pelvis symphysis 
Insertion= stifle and medial aspect of calcaneus

Question 8

Innervation of the gracilis muscle

Answer 8

Obturator nerve

Question 9

Origin and insertion of the pectineus muscle

Answer 9

Origin= pre-pubic tendon and olio-pubic eminence 
Insertion = medial aspect of femur

Question 10

Innervation of pectineus muscle

Answer 10

Obturator nerve

Question 11

Which muscles abduct the hindlimb

Answer 11

Gluteals - superficial, middle, deep

Question 12

Origin and insertion of the gluteal muscles

Answer 12

Origin = ilium 
Insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Question 13

Innervation of the gluteal muscles

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve

Question 14

Which muscles extend the hip

Answer 14

Hamstrings :

• femoral biceps
• semitendinosus
• semimembranosus

Question 15

Origin and insertion of the femoral biceps

Answer 15

Origin= ischial tuber 
Insertion= patella

Question 16

Origin and insertion of the semitendinosus

Answer 16

Origin= ischial tuber 
Insertion = tibial crest and calcaneus

Question 17

Origin and insertion of semimembranosus

Answer 17

Origin = ischial tuber 
Insertion= femur and tibia

Question 18

Innervation of the femoral biceps

Answer 18

Sciatic nerve

Question 19

Innervation of the semitendinosus

Answer 19

Sciatic nerve

Question 20

Innervation of the semimembranosus

Answer 20

Sciatic nerve

Question 21

Which muscles cause flexion at the hip

Answer 21

Sartorius

Tensor fascia lata

Question 22

Origin and insertion of the satorius muscle

Answer 22

Origin = wing of ilium 
Insertion= cranial tibia

Question 23

Origin and insertion of tensor fascia lata muscle

Answer 23

Origin= ventral aspect of the wing of ilium 
Insertion= patella

Question 24

Innervation of the sartorius muscle

Answer 24

Femoral nerve

Question 25

Innervation of the tensor fascia lata muscle

Answer 25

Sciatic nerve

Question 26

Which muscles cause extension of the stifle

Answer 26

Femoral quadriceps- vastus lateral , medial, inter medial and rectus femoris heads

Question 27

Origin and insertion of the femoral quadriceps muscle

Answer 27

``` Origin = femur and ilium Insertion= tendons join to form the patella tendon which inserts on the tibial tuberosity ```

Question 28

Innervation of the femoral quadriceps

Answer 28

Femoral nerve

Question 29

Which muscles cause flexion at the stifle

Answer 29

Popliteus | Semimembranosus

Question 30

Origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle

Answer 30

``` Origin= lateral condyle of the femur Insertion= tibia ```

Question 31

Innervation of the popliteus muscle

Answer 31

Tibial muscle

Question 32

High muscles cause extension of the tarsus (hock)

Answer 32

Gastrocnemius | Tibialis caudalis

Question 33

Origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius

Answer 33

``` Origin= lateral ssupracondylar tuber of femur Insertion= tuber calcanei via theee calcaneal tendon ```

Question 34

Innervation of the gastrocnemius

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

Origin and insertion of the tibial caudalis muscle

Answer 35

``` Origin = fibula Insertion= tarsus via ligaments ```

Question 36

Innervation of the tibial caudalis

Answer 36

Tibial nerve

Question 37

Which muscles cause flexion at the tarsus (hock)

Answer 37

``` Tibialis cranialis Fibularis longus (in large animals) ```

Question 38

Origin and insertion of thee tibialis cranialis muscle

Answer 38

``` Origin= tibia Insertion= metatarsals 1 and 2 ```

Question 39

Innervation of tibialis cranialis

Answer 39

Fibular nerve

Question 40

Origin and insertion of the fibularis longus muscle

Answer 40

``` Origin= lateral condyle of tibia and fibular Insertion= 4th tarsal and all metatarsals ```

Question 41

Innervation of thee fibularis longus muscle

Answer 41

Fibular nerve

Question 42

Describe the hip joint

Answer 42

Bone = pelvis and femur Ball and socket joint Extension (retraction), flexion (protraction), adduction and abduction

Question 43

Describe the stifle joint

Answer 43

Bones= femur, tibia, fibular, and patella Extension and flexion Condylar joint

Question 44

Describe the tarsal joint (hock)

Answer 44

Bones= Tibia and tarsal bones and the metatarsal bone Hinge joint Flexion and extension

Question 45

Describe the location of the lumbosacral plexus

Answer 45

In the and around the sub lumbar muscles ventral to the lumbar vertebrae and formed by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves L4-S2

Question 46

List the nerves leaving the lumbosacral plexus in cranial to caudal

Answer 46

``` Femoral Obturator Cranial gluteal Caudal gluteal Sciatic Pudendal ```