HINDLIMB Flashcards
What is the stay apparatus in the hindlimb of a horse do
Enables fewer muscles to be used in weight bearing
What does the reciprocal apparatus of the horse hindlimb do
Links movement of the stifle and hock joints
What is the name of the plexus that innervates the hind limb
Lumbosacral plexus
Which muscles adduct the hindlimb
Adductor
Gracilis
Pectineus
Origin and insertion of adductor muscles
- origin = ventral aspect of the pelvis
- Insertion = medial aspect of the femur
What nerve innervates the adductor muscle
Obturator nerve
Origin and insertion of the gracilis
Origin= pelvis symphysis Insertion= stifle and medial aspect of calcaneus
Innervation of the gracilis muscle
Obturator nerve
Origin and insertion of the pectineus muscle
Origin= pre-pubic tendon and olio-pubic eminence Insertion = medial aspect of femur
Innervation of pectineus muscle
Obturator nerve
Which muscles abduct the hindlimb
Gluteals - superficial, middle, deep
Origin and insertion of the gluteal muscles
Origin = ilium Insertion= greater trochanter of femur
Innervation of the gluteal muscles
Sciatic nerve
Which muscles extend the hip
Hamstrings :
- femoral biceps
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
Origin and insertion of the femoral biceps
Origin= ischial tuber Insertion= patella
Origin and insertion of the semitendinosus
Origin= ischial tuber Insertion = tibial crest and calcaneus
Origin and insertion of semimembranosus
Origin = ischial tuber Insertion= femur and tibia
Innervation of the femoral biceps
Sciatic nerve
Innervation of the semitendinosus
Sciatic nerve
Innervation of the semimembranosus
Sciatic nerve
Which muscles cause flexion at the hip
Sartorius
Tensor fascia lata
Origin and insertion of the satorius muscle
Origin = wing of ilium Insertion= cranial tibia
Origin and insertion of tensor fascia lata muscle
Origin= ventral aspect of the wing of ilium Insertion= patella
Innervation of the sartorius muscle
Femoral nerve
Innervation of the tensor fascia lata muscle
Sciatic nerve
Which muscles cause extension of the stifle
Femoral quadriceps- vastus lateral , medial, inter medial and rectus femoris heads
Origin and insertion of the femoral quadriceps muscle
Origin = femur and ilium Insertion= tendons join to form the patella tendon which inserts on the tibial tuberosity
Innervation of the femoral quadriceps
Femoral nerve
Which muscles cause flexion at the stifle
Popliteus
Semimembranosus
Origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle
Origin= lateral condyle of the femur Insertion= tibia
Innervation of the popliteus muscle
Tibial muscle
High muscles cause extension of the tarsus (hock)
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis caudalis
Origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius
Origin= lateral ssupracondylar tuber of femur Insertion= tuber calcanei via theee calcaneal tendon
Innervation of the gastrocnemius
Tibial nerve
Origin and insertion of the tibial caudalis muscle
Origin = fibula Insertion= tarsus via ligaments
Innervation of the tibial caudalis
Tibial nerve
Which muscles cause flexion at the tarsus (hock)
Tibialis cranialis Fibularis longus (in large animals)
Origin and insertion of thee tibialis cranialis muscle
Origin= tibia Insertion= metatarsals 1 and 2
Innervation of tibialis cranialis
Fibular nerve
Origin and insertion of the fibularis longus muscle
Origin= lateral condyle of tibia and fibular Insertion= 4th tarsal and all metatarsals
Innervation of thee fibularis longus muscle
Fibular nerve
Describe the hip joint
Bone = pelvis and femur
Ball and socket joint
Extension (retraction), flexion (protraction), adduction and abduction
Describe the stifle joint
Bones= femur, tibia, fibular, and patella
Extension and flexion
Condylar joint
Describe the tarsal joint (hock)
Bones= Tibia and tarsal bones and the metatarsal bone
Hinge joint
Flexion and extension
Describe the location of the lumbosacral plexus
In the and around the sub lumbar muscles ventral to the lumbar vertebrae and formed by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves L4-S2
List the nerves leaving the lumbosacral plexus in cranial to caudal
Femoral Obturator Cranial gluteal Caudal gluteal Sciatic Pudendal