CARTILAGE AS LIVING TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of cartilage

A
  • Motion = reduces friction

- Load transfer= allows load to be moved from one bone on another

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2
Q

Define Osteoarthritis

A

Progressive deterioration of articular cartilage associated with changes in the bone and soft tissues of the joint, including loss of cartilage

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3
Q

What are the causes and risk factors of osteoarthritis

A
  • Trauma = single or repetitive
  • Obesity
  • Infection
  • Age
  • Instability= hip dysplasia and crucial rupture
  • Breed/ genetics
  • inflammatory conditions
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4
Q

What happens in osteoarthritis

A
  • cartilage is eroded

- damaged collagen is released from cartilage- becomes inflammatory in joint environment

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5
Q

What are the clinical changes in osteoarthritis

A
  1. Joint inflammation - synovitis which is primary or secondary to cartilage degradation
  2. Osteophyte formation
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6
Q

What does synovitis cause the release of

A
  • Lysozymes
  • Prostaglandin E2
  • Free radicals (increase intrasynovial pressure )
  • Cytokines (IL-1 )
  • Pain
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7
Q

Describe osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis

A

Proliferation of new cartilage and bone at joint edges-the bodies way to try and increase joint stability

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8
Q

How do we diagnose osteoarthritis

A
  • History and physical exam
  • Joint fluid analysis
  • Radiography and ultrasonography
  • MRI/ CT
  • Arthroscopy
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9
Q

What are the important pathways in osteoarthritis

A
  • Proteinase activation
  • causes collagen and proteoglycans destruction
  • rise i prostaglandin E2
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10
Q

How do we treat osteoarthritis

A
  • because cartilage is a vascular so limited repair
    1. Identify and treat underlying cause
    2. Block inflammatory cascade and permit repair if possible
    3. Pain relief and long term management
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11
Q

What drugs can be used treat pain in osteoarthritis

A

NSAIDS

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12
Q

Describe long term management in osteoarthritis

A

Weight control

Exercise/ physical therapy

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