SOLE INJURIES

Question 1

Describe the immune response that would be generated as a result of a nail in the sole of a horse’s foot

Answer 1

Pathogens may be introduced- primary response, humoral
Infection in this site is a problem due to poor blood flow, weight bearing, dirty= more infection, lots of synovial joints nearby, bone?
Physical signs observed- increased body+hoof temp, swelling/ inflammation, pain, lameness, redness, smells

Question 2

Give an overview of the diagnostic approach to equine sole penetration with a nail

Answer 2

• Physical examination
• Radiographic studies
• Investigation of synovial involvement
• assessment of soft tissue injuries

Question 3

Describe the diagnostic approach to equine sole penetration with a nail - physical examination

Answer 3

Usually severe lameness 
Joint effusions 
Heat
Pain and swelling 
Assess size and position of nail

Question 4

Describe the diagnostic approach to equine sole penetration with a nail- radiographic studies

Answer 4

Radiographs with nail in place if possible (usually not feasible)

Question 5

Describe the diagnostic approach to equine sole penetration with a nail- investigation of synovial involvement

Answer 5

Aspirating synovial fluid

Injecting radiographic contrast material into synovial structures to check for communication with the penetrating injury

Question 6

Describe the diagnostic approach to equine sole penetration with a nail- assessment of soft tissue injuries

Answer 6

MRI is the most accurate way of determining which soft tissues are involved (including damage to flexor tendons, tendon sheaths and cartilage) and is recommended where funds allow

Question 7

What should synovial be like normally

Answer 7

Should be clear- slightly yellow
Protein should be 10-20g/l
Less than 5% neutrophils

Question 8

What are the treatment options for penetration of the equine sole

Answer 8

Street nail procedure- draining infected navicular bursa via the frog, digital cushio and DDFT (10-20% success rate)
Navicular Bursoscopy- success rate 80%

Question 9

What is deep digital sepsis

Answer 9

Describes infection in any of the deeper structures of the foot

Question 10

What are the clinical signs of deep digital sepsis

Answer 10

Affected digits are swollen, hot, discoloured and very painful. Animals are severely lame