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6014 Internal Med > tissue healing & repair > Flashcards

tissue healing & repair Flashcards

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1
Q

fibronectin:

A

protein that provides structural support, scaffolding, has ability to glue substances together, tensile strength

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2
Q

list the components of tissue healing

A
  1. fibronectin
  2. proteoglycans
  3. elastin
  4. collagen
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3
Q

proteoglycans
what are they composed from
secreted by?

A

– composed of carbohydrates and sugars
– provide stability and retain water for tissue for being repaired
– secreted by fibroblasts

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4
Q

elastin
who are they secreted by?
function?

A

secreted by fibroblasts
function: becomes cross-linked to provide tissues with elasticity

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5
Q

collagen
function

A

provide structural support and tensile strength

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6
Q

collagen type 1

A

most common and versatile
*predominant in strong tissue like tissues and bones *TENSILE STRENGTH

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7
Q

collagen type 2
what is their half life?

A

thin supporting filaments found in cartilage and epiphyseal plates
half life: 3 months

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8
Q

collagen type 3

A

thin filaments found in fresh scars
–essential in wound healing, common in newborns **elastic

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9
Q

collagen type 4

A

found in fetus, basement membranes

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10
Q

what tissues have decreased blood supply>

A
  • ligaments and tendons
  • cartilage
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11
Q

define GROWTH FACTORS
GFs are produced by?

A

proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration
- produced by cells involved in the same tissue repair response

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12
Q

sources of GROWTH FACTORS

A

platelets, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells

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13
Q

function of platelet-derived growth factors

A

speeds up healing process

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14
Q

the signals that turn on proliferation of normal cells and cause tissue healing ARE ALSO RESPONSIBLE for proliferation of…

A

cancer cells

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15
Q

phases of healing

A
  1. hemostasis and degeneration
  2. inflammation
  3. proliferation and migration
  4. remodeling and maturation
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16
Q

hemostasis and degeneration of the

A

goal: stop the bleeding
coagulation clumps platelets together
PLATELETS SUMMON GROWTH FACTORS + inflammatory cells :)

17
Q

degenerative phase - hemostasis

A

formation of a hematoma (necrosis of cells), and the start of inflammatory cell response

18
Q
  1. inflammation
    goal?
    how?
    VIPs?
A

inactivate injurious agent and to breakdown dead cells. replace injured tissue with healthy tissue
how? coordinate reaction of body tissues
key components: blood vessels, chemical mediators, CT, collagen

19
Q
  1. proliferation and migration
    granular tissue
A

endothelial cells begin to proliferate and start ANGIOGENESIS, channels of new blood vessels to transport o2 and nutrients to healing tissue
* granular tissue: rich network of developing tissue with connective tissue

20
Q

what are the steps for remodeling and maturation of tissue healing?

A
  1. contraction
  2. contracture
  3. tissue regeneration
  4. formation of scar tissue
  5. chronic wounds
21
Q
  1. tissue contraction
    myofibroblasts doooo…..
A

newly formed extracellular matrix comes together, causing shrinkage
myofribroblasts differentiate like smooth muscles and help shrink healing tissue

22
Q
  1. tissue contracture
    effects
    - what does this do to mobility?
A

excessive shrinkage + pulling of deeper tissue
- limit mobility and organ function
- arthrofibrosis : scarring and thick fibrotic capsule

23
Q
  1. tissue regeneration
    what kinds of cells restore OG function?
A

process of parenchymal cells to restore OG tissue

24
Q

what are the 3 types of cells for tissue regeneration?

A

1: permanent - regeneration does not happen :/ [cardiac myocytes, CNS neurons]
2: labile: continuously splits [skin, stem, GI]
3> stable: normally dont split but can undergo mitosis [kidney, hepatocytes]

25
Q
  1. tissue repair
A

scarring occurs when the cut extends under the surface layer

26
Q

chronic wounds..
- in what stage to they usually stay in?
- probable causes?

A
  • chronic wounds may stay in the inflammatory and proliferative phases
  • deficiency in growth factors
  • wrong biochemicals are present
27
Q

tissue repair goal

A

to attempt to restore tissue to OG function

28
Q

tissue repair depends on…

A
  • type of cell
  • type of damage incurred
  • other factors
29
Q

lung - tissue repair

A

regeneration can only happen if basement membrane is intact.
- if basement membrane is disrupted, healing must be done by repair [fibrosis and scar]

30
Q

digestive tract

A

gut cells slough off every 5 days..take 3 weeks for a complete turnover!!
gut health contribute to immune function + serotonin function!!

31
Q

peripheral nerves
need to maintain the…

A

when a nerve is cut it goes through myelin degeneration and axonal fragmentation
–w/in 24 hours, new axonal sprouts from central stumps
–need to maintain the neurotubules!

32
Q

skeletal composition

A

80 % - cortical
20 % - cancellous (spongy)

33
Q

bone loss occurs when

A

imbalance between destruction and production of bone cells

34
Q

bone: fracture healing

A
  1. inflammatory phase
  2. reparative phase
    3.Remodelin phase
35
Q

inflammatory phase - bone

A

occurs as inflmmatory cells arrive @ injured site

36
Q

reparative phase - bone

A

formation of soft callus formed @ around 2 weeks. once its immobilzed, hard callus replaces it. through enchondral ossification.

37
Q

fracture remodeling phase

A

disorganized bones replaced with lamellar bone. 10-30% replaced in adults due to microfractures

38
Q

factors that affect bone healing

A
  • type of bone
  • fracture site and type
    -treatment involved
    -treatment complicationst
39
Q

tendons and ligaments

A
  • composition 78% water, 20% collagen
    hemostasis begines immediately
    inflammatory during the 72 hours then proliferative 2-3 weeks

6014 Internal Med (24 decks)

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