3. endocringe and metabolism disorders

Question 1

when do mechanisms of metabolic problems occur

Answer 1

occurs in T1D and late T2D

Question 2

name the 3 metabolic problems that occur in T1D and late T2D

Answer 2

1. decreased utilization of glucose [glucosuria and polydipsia]
2. increased fat mobilization [usage of ketones which leads to keturia and ketoacidosis]
3. decreased protein utilization [decreases body’s ability to repair]

Question 3

symptoms of diabetes

Answer 3

• numbness of limbs
• healing delay in wounds
• fatigue
• frequent urination
  -always thirsty

Question 4

polyuria
what does it lead to

Answer 4

excessive urination leads to dehydration, which leads to excessive fatigue/weakness

Question 5

polydipsia
caused by what

Answer 5

extreme thirst, caused by polyuria

Question 6

polyphagia

Answer 6

frequent? hunger because of tissue breakdown

Question 7

ketonuria

Answer 7

ketones in pee

Question 8

pathophysiology of diabetic complications

Answer 8

1. macrovascular: arteries that affect supply to heart, brain, and lower limbs
2. microvascular: retinas, renal glomerulus, peripheral nerves

Question 9

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 9

seen in T1D
triad: acid, ketones, HYPERGLYCEMIA

Question 10

cause of ketoacidosis

Answer 10

caused by an insufficient amount of insulin

Question 11

prevention of diabetes

Answer 11

1. be more active
2. healthy diet
3. lose weight

Question 12

when is diabetes usually diagnosed

Answer 12

in hospital stays or when someone is getting treated for something else

Question 13

treatment focus of diabetes

Answer 13

1. managing is key
2. preventing vascular complications

Question 14

ABCs

Answer 14

1. maintain A1C under 7%
2. maintain BP under 130/80 mmHG
3. LDL <100, HDL >50, triglycerides under 150

Question 15

prognosis

Answer 15

raises risk of CVD x2-3 times
50% of myocardial infarction and 75% of strokes can be attributed to diabetes :(