GI system 2

Question 1

upper GI system
list organs and what they’re responsible for

Answer 1

organs: stomach, duodenum, esophagus, mouth

duties: ingestion and digestion

Question 2

lower GI system
list organs and what they’re responsible for

Answer 2

organs: smaller and large intestine

small intestine: digestion and absorption of nutrients

large intestine: absorption of water and electrolytes, also stores waste [poopppp]

Question 3

diverticulosis

Answer 3

diverticula [outpouchings] in the wall small intestine or colon

Question 4

cause of divertivulosis

Answer 4

herniation of the submucosa or mucosa through the muscular layers of colon or SI, forming outpouchings

Question 5

diverticulitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the diverticula with possible complications [perforation and abscess formation]

Question 6

risk factors for diverticulosis include

Answer 6

constipation
physical inactivity
eating red meat
smoking

Question 7

uncomplicated cases of diverticulosis

Answer 7

• episodic pain
• if the diverticula get trapped, bacteria within it may proliferate and cause an infection/inflammation

Question 8

complicated cases of diverticulosis

Answer 8

• fistula may develop [colovesical fistula]
• fecaluria, pneumaturia, UTIs may be present

Question 9

appendicitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the appendix that may lead to necrosis or perforation w/ generalized perinitis

Question 10

known causes of appendicitis

Answer 10

1. obstruction of the lumen
2. bacterial infection
3. obstructions that interfere with normal drainage

Question 11

steps in obstruction of the lumen [appendicitis]

Answer 11

1. obstructed appendix
2. intraabdominal pressure becomes greater than venous pressure
3. leads to ischemia, necrosis and perforation

Question 12

atypical appendicitis

Answer 12

40-50% of cases are atypical because of the positioning of the tip of the appendix

Question 13

where is the pain in appendicitis

Answer 13

RUQ
may travel to RLQ @ McBurney’s point
WBC > 20K dammm

Question 14

rectal fissures

Answer 14

a rectal fissure is an ulceration or tear @ anal wall [usually in posterior side]
sharp pain
heal within 1-2 nmonths
acute fissure: results from overstretching

Question 15

hemorrhoids

Answer 15

varicose veins that lie beneath mucous membrane in the lowest part rectum and anus

Question 16

internal hemorrhoids

Answer 16

usually noticed when passing stool and bleeding, occur in lower rectum

Question 17

external hemorrhoids

Answer 17

located under the skin around the anus bleed