the hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary system

Question 1

liver function

Answer 1

1. conversion and excretion of bilirubin
2. produce clotting factors and storage of vitamins
3. metabolizes drugs, chemicals, and toxins
4. filters all of blood of GI

Question 2

liver is a major site of

Answer 2

production of proteins associated with inflammation

Question 3

pancreas primary function

Answer 3

in digestion, exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes and pancreatic juices
- neutralizes acidic substances

Question 4

endocrine glands secrete

Answer 4

glucagon and insulin, secreted by islet of langerhaans. are responsible for carbohydrate metabolism

Question 5

gallbladder duty

Answer 5

bile resorvoir

Question 6

during fasting periods, the gallbladder

Answer 6

stores and concentrates bile

Question 7

during eating period, the gallbladder

Answer 7

passes bile to the duodenum

Question 8

bile

Answer 8

• helps in alkalizing intestinal functions
• plays a role in emulsification, absorption, and metabolism of fat

Question 9

primary signs of disease

Answer 9

• GI issues
• edema
• dark urine
• Right upper abdominal pain

Question 10

hepatic failure

Answer 10

impaired function bc of cirrhosis, liver cancer, infection or inflammation
-mass of liver decreases

Question 11

dark urine and light stools

Answer 11

• happens with jaundice [when the serum bilirubin go 1.0 –> 2.0-3.0]

Question 12

spider angiomas

Answer 12

vascular manifestations of excess estrogen

Question 13

palmar erthyma

Answer 13

warm redness of skin over the palms

Question 14

neurologic symptoms - hepatic system

Answer 14

confusion, sleep disturbances, tremors, asterixis

Question 15

asterixis

Answer 15

motor disturbance
- inability to keep wrist extension with forward flexion
- tremor is sustained during sustained posture, decreased in intentional movement

Question 16

asterixis test

Answer 16

ask client to flex the wrist while resting of a firm surface

Question 17

MSK symptoms

Answer 17

• thoracic pain between scapulae, right shoulder, right upper trapezius right

Question 18

aging and the hepatic system

Answer 18

liver decreases in size, mass and blood flow with age
- require more time to process substance, medications, and alcohol

Question 19

jaundice

Answer 19

yellow discoloration of skin (x>2.0)

Question 20

cirrhosis of the liver

Answer 20

final pathway of chronic inflammation caused by liver tissue damage
progressive loss of liver tissue that is replaced by fibrosis or nodular regeneration

Question 21

portal hypertension

Answer 21

an elevated portal pressure gradient is higher than the pressure of blood in the IVC

Question 22

mechanical barriers that increase resistance [portal hypertension]

Answer 22

fibrosis
nodularity
abnormal architecture of the liver

Question 23

hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 23

neuropsychiatric syndrome with symptoms that range from neuropsych disturbances to coma/death

Question 24

hepatic encephalopathy causes

Answer 24

portal hypertension
hepatic dysfunction
portosystemic shunting of blood

Question 25

ascites

Answer 25

abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
dyspnea with increased respiratory rate when the fluid displaces diaphragm

Question 26

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Answer 26

infection of ascitic fluid in the setting of portal hypertension

Question 27

pain at this area is a primary sign of liver disease

Answer 27

right upper abdominal area

Question 28

impaired PNS [neurologic symptom of hepatic pathology]

Answer 28

increased levels of ammonia and urea levels