GI system 1

Question 1

upper GI tract

Answer 1

• mouth, esophagus, stomach,
  and duodenum
• aids in ingestion and digestions of food

Question 2

lower GI tract

Answer 2

Small intestine accomplishes digestion and
absorption of nutrients
▪ Large intestine absorbs water and
electrolytes, storing waste products of
digestion until elimination

Question 3

enteric nervous system

Answer 3

• Function completely independently of the CNS and have its own psycho-neuroses.
• mind and body connection
  - among emotions, brain functions, GI functions
  - emotional expression or active coping generates a balance in neuropeptide receptor network

Question 4

percentage of immune cells in the gut system

Answer 4

70 to 80%

Question 5

antibiotics and the gut

Answer 5

Reduction of normal bacteria in the gut after
antibiotic treatment or in the presence of
infection may interfere with the nutrients
available for immune function in the GI tract

Question 6

most common GI problem in older adults

Answer 6

▪ Constipation, incontinence, and diverticular disease.

Question 7

hiatal hernia

Answer 7

• Esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm becomes enlarged, allowing the stomach to pass through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.
• Congenital or acquired

Question 8

hiatal hernia incidence

Answer 8

• 5 per 1000 people
• Increases with age (60% in people > 60 y/o)
• Women > men

Question 9

hiatal hernia - clinical manisfestations

Answer 9

• heartburn: 30 - 60 mins post meal
• incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter allowing acid into the esophagus

Question 10

h

hiatal hernia PT implications

Answer 10

• avoid flat supine position and valsalva maneuver
• pt must be warned against activities that cause intraabdominal pressure

Question 11

GERD

Answer 11

The consequences from the reflux (backward flow) of gastric contents into the esophagus accompanied by a failure of anatomic and physiologic mechanisms to protect the
esophagus
- erosive or non erosive

Question 12

G

GERD incidicence

Answer 12

• 10 to 20% of adults

Question 13

causes of GERD

Answer 13

decreased pressure of LES or alteration in esophagal acid clearance
- gastric contents near junction

Question 14

healthy esophagus 3 factors
in healthy people

Answer 14

1. anatomic barriers between stomach and esophagus
2. mechanisms to clear the esophagus of stomach acid
3. maintain stomach acidity and acid volume

Question 15

GERD clinical manifestation
- what are the extra-esophageal manifestations:

Answer 15

• heartburn - cardiac chest pain should distinguised and be evaluated before its assumed as GERD
• 3 extra-esophageal manifestations: asthma, cough, laryngitis

Question 16

GERD treatment

Answer 16

• ## treatment: avoid aggravating foods, smoking, reduce alcohol consumption

Question 17

GERD medications

Answer 17

antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors

Question 18

GERD PT implications

Answer 18

• left sidelying is better
• ppl with GERD may have trouble with exercising
• avoid high fatty meals before exercising

Question 19

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