Thorax Skeletal And Muscles Flashcards
What structures make up the thoracic cage?
•Thoracic vertebrae
•Ribs
•Sternum
What is the anatomical term for the breastbone?
Sternum
From superior to inferior what are the three main parts of the sternum?
•Manubrium
•Body
•Xiphoid process
What are the depressions on the sternum for the articulation of the clavicles?
Clavicular notches
What is the shallow superior depression on the sternum?
Suprasternal notch
What depressions on the sternum do the ribs articulate with?
Costal notches
What palpable feature lies at the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum?
Sternal angle
How many ribs are there?
12 pairs
What ribs have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum?
True ribs (1-7)
What ribs do not have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum?
False ribs (8-12)
What type of rib has no connection with the sternum?
Floating ribs (11-12)
What part of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebrae?
Head
What part of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra?
Tubercle
What part of the rib lies between the head and tubercle?
Neck
What is the region of a rib where it changes direction and begins curving toward the sternum?
Angle
What is the main part of a rib?
Body
What feature on the inferior side of a rib marks the path of an artery, a vein, and a nerve?
Costal groove
Sternoclavicular joint
Structurally: synovial
Functionally: diarthrodial
Saddle joint
Costochondral joints
Functionally: synarthrodial
Structurally: cartilagenous
Joint between the ribs and costal cartilage
Sternocostal joints
The 1st sternocostal joint is cartilaginous the 2nd through 7th are synovial joints.
What muscles origin is medial half of clavicle and the sternum, insertion tubercle of humerus, action adducts and medially rotates humerus?
Pectoralis major
What muscles origin is the 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs, insertion coracoid process of scapula, action pulls scapula forward and downward?
Pectoralis minor
What muscles origin is external surfaces of ribs 1-8, insertion anterior vertebral border of scapula, action pulls scapula forward and downward?
Serratus anterior
What muscles origin is inferior part of the superior rib, insertion the superior part of the inferior rib, action elevates ribs?
External intercostals
What muscles origin is the superior part of the inferior rib, insertion is the inferior part of the superior rib, action depresses ribs?
Internal intercostals
What muscles origin is the xiphoid process, last six ribs, and the lumbar vertebrae, insertion central tendon, action depresses the central tendon?
Diaphragm
What part of the vertebrae nervous system innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary vital functions?
The autonomic nervous system
If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the SNS how many motor neurons would be involved?
One
If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the ANS how many motor neurons would be involved?
Two
A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between the CNS and a ganglion is what type of neuron?
Preganglionic
A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between a ganglion and an effector is what type of neuron?
Ganglionic neuron
What is the axon of a ganglionic neuron within the ANS?
Postganglionic axon
What are the two divisions of the ANS?
•Parasympathetic
•Sympathetic
What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores (rest and digest)?
Parasympathetic
What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies (fight or flight)?
Sympathetic
What is another term for the parasympathetic division?
Carniosacral division
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division located?
Brainstem, gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments
Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division found?
Next to or within the organs they innervate
What is another term for the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Thoracolumbar division
From what regions of the CNS does the sympathetic division arise?
The lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord
What part of spinal nerves do the preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within as they leave the lateral horn of the spinal cord?
Anterior root
What sympathetic ganglia lie on the left and right sides of the vertebral column from T1-L2?
Sympathetic trunk
What are the connections between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunks?
Communicating rami
What structures carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk?
White rami
What structures carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves?
Gray rami
What pathway is a postganglionic axon within it travels through a grey ramus that is at the same level as the ganglionic neuron to innervate blood vessels or arrector pili muscles or sweat glands?
Spinal nerve pathway
What pathway is a postganglionic axon within the preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus but instead the postganglionic axon extends away from the sympathetic trunk ganglion and goes directly to the effector organ?
Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
