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Anatomy > Thorax Skeletal And Muscles > Flashcards

Thorax Skeletal And Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the thoracic cage?

A

•Thoracic vertebrae
•Ribs
•Sternum

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2
Q

What is the anatomical term for the breastbone?

A

Sternum

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3
Q

From superior to inferior what are the three main parts of the sternum?

A

•Manubrium
•Body
•Xiphoid process

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4
Q

What are the depressions on the sternum for the articulation of the clavicles?

A

Clavicular notches

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5
Q

What is the shallow superior depression on the sternum?

A

Suprasternal notch

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6
Q

What depressions on the sternum do the ribs articulate with?

A

Costal notches

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7
Q

What palpable feature lies at the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum?

A

Sternal angle

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8
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

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9
Q

What ribs have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum?

A

True ribs (1-7)

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10
Q

What ribs do not have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum?

A

False ribs (8-12)

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11
Q

What type of rib has no connection with the sternum?

A

Floating ribs (11-12)

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12
Q

What part of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebrae?

A

Head

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13
Q

What part of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra?

A

Tubercle

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14
Q

What part of the rib lies between the head and tubercle?

A

Neck

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15
Q

What is the region of a rib where it changes direction and begins curving toward the sternum?

A

Angle

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16
Q

What is the main part of a rib?

A

Body

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17
Q

What feature on the inferior side of a rib marks the path of an artery, a vein, and a nerve?

A

Costal groove

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18
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Structurally: synovial
Functionally: diarthrodial
Saddle joint

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19
Q

Costochondral joints

A

Functionally: synarthrodial
Structurally: cartilagenous
Joint between the ribs and costal cartilage

20
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

The 1st sternocostal joint is cartilaginous the 2nd through 7th are synovial joints.

21
Q

What muscles origin is medial half of clavicle and the sternum, insertion tubercle of humerus, action adducts and medially rotates humerus?

A

Pectoralis major

22
Q

What muscles origin is the 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs, insertion coracoid process of scapula, action pulls scapula forward and downward?

A

Pectoralis minor

23
Q

What muscles origin is external surfaces of ribs 1-8, insertion anterior vertebral border of scapula, action pulls scapula forward and downward?

A

Serratus anterior

24
Q

What muscles origin is inferior part of the superior rib, insertion the superior part of the inferior rib, action elevates ribs?

A

External intercostals

25
Q

What muscles origin is the superior part of the inferior rib, insertion is the inferior part of the superior rib, action depresses ribs?

A

Internal intercostals

26
Q

What muscles origin is the xiphoid process, last six ribs, and the lumbar vertebrae, insertion central tendon, action depresses the central tendon?

A

Diaphragm

27
Q

What part of the vertebrae nervous system innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary vital functions?

A

The autonomic nervous system

28
Q

If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the SNS how many motor neurons would be involved?

A

One

29
Q

If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the ANS how many motor neurons would be involved?

A

Two

30
Q

A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between the CNS and a ganglion is what type of neuron?

A

Preganglionic

31
Q

A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between a ganglion and an effector is what type of neuron?

A

Ganglionic neuron

32
Q

What is the axon of a ganglionic neuron within the ANS?

A

Postganglionic axon

33
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A

•Parasympathetic
•Sympathetic

34
Q

What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores (rest and digest)?

A

Parasympathetic

35
Q

What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies (fight or flight)?

A

Sympathetic

36
Q

What is another term for the parasympathetic division?

A

Carniosacral division

37
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division located?

A

Brainstem, gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments

38
Q

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division found?

A

Next to or within the organs they innervate

39
Q

What is another term for the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Thoracolumbar division

40
Q

From what regions of the CNS does the sympathetic division arise?

A

The lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord

41
Q

What part of spinal nerves do the preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within as they leave the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior root

42
Q

What sympathetic ganglia lie on the left and right sides of the vertebral column from T1-L2?

A

Sympathetic trunk

43
Q

What are the connections between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunks?

A

Communicating rami

44
Q

What structures carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk?

A

White rami

45
Q

What structures carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves?

A

Gray rami

46
Q

What pathway is a postganglionic axon within it travels through a grey ramus that is at the same level as the ganglionic neuron to innervate blood vessels or arrector pili muscles or sweat glands?

A

Spinal nerve pathway

47
Q

What pathway is a postganglionic axon within the preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus but instead the postganglionic axon extends away from the sympathetic trunk ganglion and goes directly to the effector organ?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

Anatomy (14 decks)

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