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Anatomy > The Abdomen Part 2 > Flashcards

The Abdomen Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

List the six main functions of the digestive system

A

•Ingestion
•Digestion
•Peristalsis
•Secretion
•Absorption
•Elimination

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2
Q

What function of the digestive system involves the introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity?

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

What function of the digestive system involves the breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules?

A

Digestion

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4
Q

What aspect of digestion involves the break down of ingested material into smaller pieces of the same material?

A

Mechanical digestion

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5
Q

What aspect of digestion involves the break down of molecules into their component parts?

A

Chemical digestion

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6
Q

What is the process of muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract and causes material to move further along the tract?

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the churning and mixing of movement that occurs in the small intestine?

A

Segmentation

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8
Q

What is the process of producing and releasing fluid products such as acid, bile, digestive enzymes, and mucin?

A

Secretion

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9
Q

What is the passive or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins, and water across the GI tract epithelium and into GI tract blood and lymphatic vessels?

A

Absorption

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10
Q

What are all the undigestable materials as well as waste products secreted by the accessory organs into the GI tract and discharged through the anus?

A

Feces

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11
Q

What is the process of elimination by the digestive system?

A

Defecation

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12
Q

What extension of the peritoneum extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and cover most of the abdominal organs?

A

Greater omentum

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13
Q

What extension of the peritoneum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver?

A

Lesser omentum

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14
Q

What fan shaped fold of peritoneum suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesentary proper

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15
Q

What gold of peritoneum attaches parts of the large intestine to the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesocolon

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16
Q

What type of mesentery attaches one organ to another organ or attaches an organ to the anterior or lateral abdominal wall?

A

Peritoneal ligament

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17
Q

What is the shape of the stomach?

A

J shaped

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18
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

Left upper quadrant of the abdomen immediately inferior to the diaphragm

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19
Q

What region of the stomach is attached to the esophagus?

A

Cardia

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20
Q

What is the dome shaped region of the stomach?

A

Fundus

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21
Q

What is the largest region of the stomach?

A

Body

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22
Q

What region of the stomach is funnel shaped and attached to the duodenum?

A

Pylorus

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23
Q

What circular muscle of the stomach regulates the material entering the small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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24
Q

What is the inferior convex border of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature

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25
Q

What is the superior concave border of the stomach?

A

Lesser curvature

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26
Q

What are the internal folds of the stomach?

A

Gastric rugae

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27
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the stomach and what are they called?

A

•Longitudinal
•Circular
•Oblique

28
Q

What is another term for the small intestine?

A

Small bowel

29
Q

What is the first segment of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

30
Q

Bile and pancreatic juice enter the small intestine through what structure?

A

Major duodenal papilla

31
Q

What is the second segment of the small intestine?

A

Jejunum

32
Q

What is the third segment of the small intestine?

A

Ileum

33
Q

What circular muscle controls the flow of material from the small intestine to the large intestine?

A

Ileocecal valve

34
Q

What is a synonym for the large intestine?

A

Large bowel

35
Q

What is the first region of the large intestine?

A

Cecum

36
Q

Where is the first region of the large intestine located?

A

Right lower abdominal quadrant

37
Q

What thin hollow finger like sac lined by lymphocyte filled lymphatic nodules is attached to the first region of the large intestine?

A

Vermiform appendix

38
Q

What segment of the large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve superiorly along the right lateral border of the abdominal cavity?

A

Ascending colon

39
Q

What bend in the colon occurs near the inferior surface of the liver?

A

Hepatic flexure

40
Q

What segment of the large intestine projects horizontally across the anterior region of the abdominal cavity?

A

Transverse colon

41
Q

What bend in the colon occurs near the spleen?

A

Splenic flexure

42
Q

What segment of the large intestine lies along the left side of the abdominal cavity?

A

Descending colon

43
Q

What segment of the large intestine is s shaped and turns inferomedially into the pelvic cavity?

A

Sigmoid colon

44
Q

What segment of the large intestine is straight and lies on the posterior wall of the true pelvis?

A

Rectum

45
Q

What is the terminal section of the large intestine?

A

Anal canal

46
Q

What two circular muscles regulate the passage of feces from the anal canal?

A

Internal and external anal sphincters

47
Q

What is the posterior opening of the alimentary canal?

A

Anus

48
Q

What are the three thin distinct longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle on the exterior of the large intestine?

A

Taeniae coli

49
Q

What are the many pouches that the large intestine is divided into?

A

Haustra

50
Q

What are the lobules of fat hanging off the external surface of the large intestine?

A

Epiploic appendages

51
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Upper left quadrant, lateral to stomach inferior to diaphragm

52
Q

What organ of the abdomen has major lymphatic functions and breaks down red blood cells?

A

The spleen

53
Q

What region of the spleen allows blood vessels to enter and exit?

A

Hilum

54
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Right upper abdominal quadrant immediately inferior to the diaphragm

55
Q

What fold of peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior internal abdominal wall?

A

Falcifrom ligament

56
Q

What are the two major lobes of the liver?

A

•Right lobe
•Left lobe

57
Q

What separates the two major loves of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

58
Q

What are the two minor lobes of the liver?

A

•Caudate lobe
•Quadrate lobe

59
Q

What lobe of the liver lies adjacent to the inferior vena cava?

A

Caudate lobe

60
Q

What lobe of the liver is adjacent to the gallbladder?

A

Quadrate lobe

61
Q

What remnant of the fetal umbilical vein is associated with the liver?

A

Round ligament

62
Q

What is the area where blood and lymphatic vessels, bile ducts, and nerves enter the liver?

A

The Hilum

63
Q

What collection of vessels make up the porta hepatis?

A

•The common bile duct
•The hepatic portal vein
•Hepatic artery proper

64
Q

What is the gallbladder and where is it located?

A

A small sac-like organ that stores bile. Anteroinferior aspect of the liver

65
Q

What are the regions of the gallbladder?

A

•Neck
•Body
•Fundus

66
Q

What structure fills and drains the gallbladder?

A

Cystic duct

Anatomy (26 decks)

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