Terminology And Cells Flashcards
What is anatomical position?
•Body upright
•Feet parallel & flat on floor
•Head level & eyes forward
•Arms at the sides with the palms forward
What term implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body?
Plane
What plane passes lengthwise through the body and divides it into front and back portions?
Coronal plane
What plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
Transverse plane
What plane passes vertically through the body dividing it into right and left portions?
Sagittal plane
What minor plane passes through the body at an angle?
Oblique plane
What term of direction means in front of or toward the front surface?
Anterior
What term of direction means in back of or toward the back surface?
Posterior
What term of direction means at the backside of the human body?
Dorsal
What term of direction means at the belly side of the human body?
Ventral
What term of direction means toward the head or above?
Superior
What term of direction means toward the feet?
Inferior
What term of direction means at the rear or tail end?
Caudal
What term of direction means at the head end?
Cranial
What term of direction means toward the midline of the body?
Medial
What term of direction means away from the midline of the body?
Lateral
What term of direction means inside or underneath another structure?
Deep
What term of direction means on the outside or closer to the surface?
Superficial
What term of direction means closest to the point of origin?
Proximal
What term of direction means farthest from the point of origin?
Distal
What is the basic structural and function unit of life?
The cell
What is the outer barrier of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What contains the organelles of the cell?
Cytoplasm
What is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
How does the plasma membrane function as the gatekeeper of the cell?
Regulates the passages of substances into and out of the cell
What is cytosol?
The fluid of the cytoplasm
What is organelles?
Little organs within the cell
What is rough ER?
ER that appears coarse because of particles attached to its surface
What is the rough ERs function?
Protein synthesis
What is smooth ER?
ER that has continuous even surface
What is the smooth ERs function?
Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Several tiny sacs near the nucleus and continuous with the ER
What is the Golgi apparatus’s function?
Modifying and packaging material from the RER
What are lysosomes?
Spheres containing enzymes that break down worn out parts of the cell
What are peroxisomes?
Sacs containing catalase which converts H2O2 into water
What is the mitochondria?
The powerhouse of the cell
What is the cytoskeleton?
Controls cell shape and cell movement
What is the centrosome?
The centriole containing region of the clear cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus
What is centrioles?
Rodlike organelles which product spindle fibers during cell division
What are cilia?
Numerous short hair like projections that wave and move substance along a passage
What is flagella?
A long tubular structure whose whipping movement propels cell movement
What is microvilli?
Thin projections of the superficial surface of the plasma membrane
What is the nuclear envelope?
Double layered membrane enclosing the nucleus
What is nucleoli?
Spherical dark staining bodies within the nucleus
