Thorax Respiration Flashcards
What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?
•Upper respiratory tract
•Lower respiratory tract
What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?
•Conducting portion
•Respiratory portion
The nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx make up what part of the anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?
Upper respiratory tract
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up what part of the anatomical divisions of the repiratory system?
Lower respiratory tract
What are the components of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
•Nose
•Nasal cavity
•Pharynx
•Larynx
•Trachea
•Airways from bronchi to terminal bronchioles
What are the components of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
•Respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
•Alveoli
What is the tubular structure that extends from the larynx inferiorly for 12-14 centimeters into the mediastinum?
Trachea
What structure lies immediately posterior to the trachea?
Esophagus
What is the tubular organ extending from the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophagus
The esophagus passes through what opening in the diaphragm?
Esophageal hiatus
The esophagus lies immediately anterior to what structures?
Vertebral bodies
What two sphincters are associated with the esophagus?
•Superior esophageal sphincter
•Inferior esophageal sphincter
What characteristics do all the bronchi of the lungs share?
•Incomplete cartilage rings
•Complete ring of smooth muscle
What structures keep the trachea patent?
C-shaped tracheal cartilages
What type of tissue lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
At what level does the trachea bifurcate?
Level of the Sternal angle
What are the bifurcations of the trachea?
Primary bronchi
What is the most inferior keel shaped cartilage of the trachea?
Carina
What is the highly branched system of air conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and branch into narrower tubes as they diverge throughout the lungs before entering the terminal bronchioles?
Bronchial tree
Which primary bronchus is more likely to have foreign objects fall lodge in it?
Right
What airways within the lungs are less than 1 mm in diameter?
Bronchioles
Within the lungs what are the small saccular outpocketings that provide surfaces for the diffusion of gases?
Alveoli
What serous membranes cover the lungs and line the internal thoracic wall?
Pleura
What specific serous membranes adhere to the outer surfaces of the lungs?
Visceral pleura
What specific serous membrane lines the walls of the thorax cavity the lateral surface of the mediastinum and covers the superior surface of the diaphragm?
Parietal pleura
What is the potential space between the layers of the serous membranes associated with the lungs?
Pleural cavity
What is the general shape of the lungs?
Conical
What portion of each lung is concave and lies on the diaphragm?
Base
What portion of each lung is the superior blunt end?
Apex
How far superiorly does each lung extend?
Superior to the clavicle
What portion of each lung is in contact with the thoracic wall?
Costal surface
What portion of each lung is directed medially?
Mediastinal surface
What portion of each lung is directed medially oriented vertically and is indented and is the area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass?
Hilum
Collectively what are the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves passing into each lung called?
Root
What is the indentation formed by the heart within the left lung?
Cardiac notch
List the lobes of the right lung
•Superior lobe
•Middle lobe
•Inferior lobe
List the lobes of the left lung
•Superior lobe
•Inferior lobe
List the formed elements of the blood
•Erythrocytes
•Leukocytes
•Platelets
What circulatory circuit carries blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart?
Systemic circulation
What circulatory circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart?
Pulmonary
What is a communication between or coalescence of blood vessels?
Anatomosis
What are vessels that form one way pathways of blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart?
End arteries
What are blood vessels that travel together?
Companion vessels
What is the general term for describing the layers of tissue that form the walls of a blood vessel?
Blood vessel tunics
Blood flows through what space within a blood vessel?
Lumen
Functionally what makes an artery and artery?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
What are three types of arteries?
•Elastic
•Muscular
•Arterioles
What is the smallest type of arteries?
Arterioles
What type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
Veins
What is the smallest type of vein?
Venules
How do veins differ structurally from arteries?
•Less smooth muscle
•Valves
