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Anatomy > Thorax Respiration > Flashcards

Thorax Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

A

•Upper respiratory tract
•Lower respiratory tract

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2
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

•Conducting portion
•Respiratory portion

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3
Q

The nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx make up what part of the anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory tract

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4
Q

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up what part of the anatomical divisions of the repiratory system?

A

Lower respiratory tract

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5
Q

What are the components of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

•Nose
•Nasal cavity
•Pharynx
•Larynx
•Trachea
•Airways from bronchi to terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

What are the components of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

•Respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
•Alveoli

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7
Q

What is the tubular structure that extends from the larynx inferiorly for 12-14 centimeters into the mediastinum?

A

Trachea

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8
Q

What structure lies immediately posterior to the trachea?

A

Esophagus

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9
Q

What is the tubular organ extending from the pharynx to the stomach?

A

Esophagus

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10
Q

The esophagus passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

A

Esophageal hiatus

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11
Q

The esophagus lies immediately anterior to what structures?

A

Vertebral bodies

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12
Q

What two sphincters are associated with the esophagus?

A

•Superior esophageal sphincter
•Inferior esophageal sphincter

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13
Q

What characteristics do all the bronchi of the lungs share?

A

•Incomplete cartilage rings
•Complete ring of smooth muscle

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14
Q

What structures keep the trachea patent?

A

C-shaped tracheal cartilages

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15
Q

What type of tissue lines the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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16
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

Level of the Sternal angle

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17
Q

What are the bifurcations of the trachea?

A

Primary bronchi

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18
Q

What is the most inferior keel shaped cartilage of the trachea?

A

Carina

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19
Q

What is the highly branched system of air conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and branch into narrower tubes as they diverge throughout the lungs before entering the terminal bronchioles?

A

Bronchial tree

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20
Q

Which primary bronchus is more likely to have foreign objects fall lodge in it?

A

Right

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21
Q

What airways within the lungs are less than 1 mm in diameter?

A

Bronchioles

22
Q

Within the lungs what are the small saccular outpocketings that provide surfaces for the diffusion of gases?

A

Alveoli

23
Q

What serous membranes cover the lungs and line the internal thoracic wall?

A

Pleura

24
Q

What specific serous membranes adhere to the outer surfaces of the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

25
Q

What specific serous membrane lines the walls of the thorax cavity the lateral surface of the mediastinum and covers the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Parietal pleura

26
Q

What is the potential space between the layers of the serous membranes associated with the lungs?

A

Pleural cavity

27
Q

What is the general shape of the lungs?

A

Conical

28
Q

What portion of each lung is concave and lies on the diaphragm?

A

Base

29
Q

What portion of each lung is the superior blunt end?

A

Apex

30
Q

How far superiorly does each lung extend?

A

Superior to the clavicle

31
Q

What portion of each lung is in contact with the thoracic wall?

A

Costal surface

32
Q

What portion of each lung is directed medially?

A

Mediastinal surface

33
Q

What portion of each lung is directed medially oriented vertically and is indented and is the area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass?

A

Hilum

34
Q

Collectively what are the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves passing into each lung called?

A

Root

35
Q

What is the indentation formed by the heart within the left lung?

A

Cardiac notch

36
Q

List the lobes of the right lung

A

•Superior lobe
•Middle lobe
•Inferior lobe

37
Q

List the lobes of the left lung

A

•Superior lobe
•Inferior lobe

38
Q

List the formed elements of the blood

A

•Erythrocytes
•Leukocytes
•Platelets

39
Q

What circulatory circuit carries blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart?

A

Systemic circulation

40
Q

What circulatory circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart?

A

Pulmonary

41
Q

What is a communication between or coalescence of blood vessels?

A

Anatomosis

42
Q

What are vessels that form one way pathways of blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart?

A

End arteries

43
Q

What are blood vessels that travel together?

A

Companion vessels

44
Q

What is the general term for describing the layers of tissue that form the walls of a blood vessel?

A

Blood vessel tunics

45
Q

Blood flows through what space within a blood vessel?

A

Lumen

46
Q

Functionally what makes an artery and artery?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

47
Q

What are three types of arteries?

A

•Elastic
•Muscular
•Arterioles

48
Q

What is the smallest type of arteries?

A

Arterioles

49
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

50
Q

What is the smallest type of vein?

A

Venules

51
Q

How do veins differ structurally from arteries?

A

•Less smooth muscle
•Valves

Anatomy (14 decks)

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