Bone And Articulations Flashcards
What kind of growth for cartilage has chondrocytes housed in lacunae undergo mitosis, following mitosis the 2 cells occupy a single lacuna, the 2 cells synthesis new matrix and push apart?
Interstitial growth
What kind of cartilage growth has stem cells at the internal edge of the perichondrium divide forming new stem cells and chondroblasts, the new chondrocytes produce new matrix?
Appositional growth
What are the four types of bone based on shape?
•Long bones
•Short bones
•Flat bones
•Irregular bones
What type of bone cells are stem cells derived from mesenchyme and found within the periosteum and endosteum?
Osteoprogenitor (grandparents)
What type of bone cells are formed from stem cells and produce new bone?
Osteoblasts (parents)
What are mature bone cells?
Osteocytes (you)
What type of bone cells dissolve bone matrix?
Osteoclasts (clasts =dissolve)
What is bone matrix?
The material formed by bone cells and lying in between them
What type of bone lies on the outside of an individual bone?
Cortical (compact) bone
What are the components of the bone matrix?
•One third organic components
•Two thirds inorganic components
What type of bone forms a latticework within an individual bone?
Cancellous (spongy) bone
What is the basic structural and functional unit of cortical bone?
An osteon
What are two synonyms for bone growth?
•Osteogenesis
•Ossification
What type of bone growth occurs in the flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle?
Intermembranous ossification
What type of bone growth occurs in the bones of extremities, vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicles?
Endochondral ossification
What is the anatomical term for the growth plate?
Epiphyseal plate
Where does a bone increase in length?
Epiphyseal plate
What type of bone growth increases the length of a bone?
Interstitial growth
What type of bone growth increases the diameter of a bone?
Appositional growth
Where does a bone increase in diameter?
Periosteum
Through what openings do blood vessels enter bones?
Nutrient foramina
How do mobility and flexibility relate to one another?
Inversely- as one increases the other decreases
Based on structure what are the three types of joints?
•Fibrous
•Cartilaginous
•Synovial
Based on function what are the three types of joints?
•Synarthrosis
•Amphiarthrosis
•Diarthrosis
What joint is joined by dense regular connective tissue, immovable or slightly moveable, and has no joint cavity?
Fibrous joints
What joint is only seen in teeth, functionally synarthrodial, structurally fibrous?
Gomphoses
What joint is only found in the skull, structurally fibrous, functionally synarthrodial?
Sutures
What joints are fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue, structurally fibrous, functionally amphiarthrodial?
Syndesmoses
What joints are bones joined directly to cartilage sometimes hyaline sometimes fibrocartilage, no cavity, no fluid?
Cartilaginous joints
What joints contain hyaline cartilage, two locations growth plate and rib to costal cartilage, functionally snyarthrodial, structurally cartilagenous?
Synchondroses
What joints are fibrocartilage two locations intervertebral discs and symphysis pubis, functionally amphiarthrodial, structurally cartilagenous?
Symphyses
What joints are characterized by a fluid filled capsule, bone ends are covered in articular cartilage to protect the bone by reducing friction, functionally diarthrodial, structurally synovial?
Synovial joints
What structure surrounds a synovial joint and forms its cavity?
Articular capsule
What is the outer layer of a joint capsule?
Fibrous capsule
What is the inner layer of a joint capsule?
Synovial membrane
What does slimy, slimy, sloppy, slick describe?
Synovial fluid
What contains synovial fluid around the tendon, reduces friction?
Synovial sheaths
What are pads made of fat?
Fat pads
What fills space in larger joint capsules and guides movement?
Cartilage discs
What is an extra bag of fluid that disperses pressure?
Bursa
What joint has one side that is slight oval protrusion the other an elliptical recess, two planes of motion?
Condyloid joints
What joint is formed by flat or mostly flat surfaces, has two bones that glide back and forth, has one or two planes of movement?
Gliding joints
What joint looks and acts as a hinge, protruding condyle fits into corresponding recess and has one plane of motion?
Hinge joints
What joints has one bone that has a rounded projection(ball) that fits into a cup like recess(socket) and has three planes of movement?
Ball and socket joints
What joints has one bone is convex the other concave, Kona looks like two saddles on top of each other, two planes of motion?
Saddle joints
What joint rotates along a central axis with one plane of motion?
Pivot joints
