Bone And Articulations

Question 1

What kind of growth for cartilage has chondrocytes housed in lacunae undergo mitosis, following mitosis the 2 cells occupy a single lacuna, the 2 cells synthesis new matrix and push apart?

Answer 1

Interstitial growth

Question 2

What kind of cartilage growth has stem cells at the internal edge of the perichondrium divide forming new stem cells and chondroblasts, the new chondrocytes produce new matrix?

Answer 2

Appositional growth

Question 3

What are the four types of bone based on shape?

Answer 3

•Long bones
•Short bones
•Flat bones
•Irregular bones

Question 4

What type of bone cells are stem cells derived from mesenchyme and found within the periosteum and endosteum?

Answer 4

Osteoprogenitor (grandparents)

Question 5

What type of bone cells are formed from stem cells and produce new bone?

Answer 5

Osteoblasts (parents)

Question 6

What are mature bone cells?

Answer 6

Osteocytes (you)

Question 7

What type of bone cells dissolve bone matrix?

Answer 7

Osteoclasts (clasts =dissolve)

Question 8

What is bone matrix?

Answer 8

The material formed by bone cells and lying in between them

Question 9

What type of bone lies on the outside of an individual bone?

Answer 9

Cortical (compact) bone

Question 10

What are the components of the bone matrix?

Answer 10

•One third organic components
•Two thirds inorganic components

Question 11

What type of bone forms a latticework within an individual bone?

Answer 11

Cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 12

What is the basic structural and functional unit of cortical bone?

Answer 12

An osteon

Question 13

What are two synonyms for bone growth?

Answer 13

•Osteogenesis
•Ossification

Question 14

What type of bone growth occurs in the flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle?

Answer 14

Intermembranous ossification

Question 15

What type of bone growth occurs in the bones of extremities, vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicles?

Answer 15

Endochondral ossification

Question 16

What is the anatomical term for the growth plate?

Answer 16

Epiphyseal plate

Question 17

Where does a bone increase in length?

Answer 17

Epiphyseal plate

Question 18

What type of bone growth increases the length of a bone?

Answer 18

Interstitial growth

Question 19

What type of bone growth increases the diameter of a bone?

Answer 19

Appositional growth

Question 20

Where does a bone increase in diameter?

Answer 20

Periosteum

Question 21

Through what openings do blood vessels enter bones?

Answer 21

Nutrient foramina

Question 22

How do mobility and flexibility relate to one another?

Answer 22

Inversely- as one increases the other decreases

Question 23

Based on structure what are the three types of joints?

Answer 23

•Fibrous
•Cartilaginous
•Synovial

Question 24

Based on function what are the three types of joints?

Answer 24

•Synarthrosis
•Amphiarthrosis
•Diarthrosis

Question 25

What joint is joined by dense regular connective tissue, immovable or slightly moveable, and has no joint cavity?

Answer 25

Fibrous joints

Question 26

What joint is only seen in teeth, functionally synarthrodial, structurally fibrous?

Answer 26

Gomphoses

Question 27

What joint is only found in the skull, structurally fibrous, functionally synarthrodial?

Answer 27

Sutures

Question 28

What joints are fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue, structurally fibrous, functionally amphiarthrodial?

Answer 28

Syndesmoses

Question 29

What joints are bones joined directly to cartilage sometimes hyaline sometimes fibrocartilage, no cavity, no fluid?

Answer 29

Cartilaginous joints

Question 30

What joints contain hyaline cartilage, two locations growth plate and rib to costal cartilage, functionally snyarthrodial, structurally cartilagenous?

Answer 30

Synchondroses

Question 31

What joints are fibrocartilage two locations intervertebral discs and symphysis pubis, functionally amphiarthrodial, structurally cartilagenous?

Answer 31

Symphyses

Question 32

What joints are characterized by a fluid filled capsule, bone ends are covered in articular cartilage to protect the bone by reducing friction, functionally diarthrodial, structurally synovial?

Answer 32

Synovial joints

Question 33

What structure surrounds a synovial joint and forms its cavity?

Answer 33

Articular capsule

Question 34

What is the outer layer of a joint capsule?

Answer 34

Fibrous capsule

Question 35

What is the inner layer of a joint capsule?

Answer 35

Synovial membrane

Question 36

What does slimy, slimy, sloppy, slick describe?

Answer 36

Synovial fluid

Question 37

What contains synovial fluid around the tendon, reduces friction?

Answer 37

Synovial sheaths

Question 38

What are pads made of fat?

Answer 38

Fat pads

Question 39

What fills space in larger joint capsules and guides movement?

Answer 39

Cartilage discs

Question 40

What is an extra bag of fluid that disperses pressure?

Answer 40

Bursa

Question 41

What joint has one side that is slight oval protrusion the other an elliptical recess, two planes of motion?

Answer 41

Condyloid joints

Question 42

What joint is formed by flat or mostly flat surfaces, has two bones that glide back and forth, has one or two planes of movement?

Answer 42

Gliding joints

Question 43

What joint looks and acts as a hinge, protruding condyle fits into corresponding recess and has one plane of motion?

Answer 43

Hinge joints

Question 44

What joints has one bone that has a rounded projection(ball) that fits into a cup like recess(socket) and has three planes of movement?

Answer 44

Ball and socket joints

Question 45

What joints has one bone is convex the other concave, Kona looks like two saddles on top of each other, two planes of motion?

Answer 45

Saddle joints

Question 46

What joint rotates along a central axis with one plane of motion?

Answer 46

Pivot joints