Histology Flashcards
How many principal tissue types are there?
4
What are the four primary tissue types?
•Epithelial tissue
•Connective tissue
•Muscle
•Nervous tissue
What primary tissue type acts as a covering or lining?
Epithelial tissue
What two factors are used to classify membranous epithelia?
•Layering or stratification
•Shape of apical cells
What is simple epithelium?
One layer
What it is stratified epithelium?
Two or more layers
What is pseudostratified?
One layer that has the appearance of many
What is squamous?
Flat
What is cuboidal?
Cube shaped
What is columnar?
Taller than wide column shaped
What does transitional mean?
Change shape
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide?
Simple cubiodal epithelium
What type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall narrow cells?
Simple columnar epithelium
What type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers with the apical layer being flat?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the function of stratified tissue?
Protection of underlying tissues
What two general types of stratified squamous occur?
•Nonkeratinized
•Keratinized
What type of epithelium is typically composed of two layers with the apical layer being cube shaped cells?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What type of epithelium is composed of two or more layers of cells with the apical layer made of cells taller than they are wide?
Stratified columnar epithelium
What type of epithelium appears to be layered but is not?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What type of epithelium may be stretched?
Transitional epithelium
What are the two broad categories of connective tissue proper?
•Loose connective tissue
•Dense connective tissue
What type of loose connective tissue surrounds nerves, blood vessels, and individual muscle cells?
Areolar connective tissue
This type of tissue forms shiny layers of binding tissue commonly known as what?
Fascia
What type of loose connective tissue is commonly known as fat?
Adipose connective tissue
What type of connective tissue forms a mesh work that acts as a structural framework for organs?
Reticular connective tissue
What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
•Dense regular connective tissue
•Dense irregular connective tissue
•Elastic connective tissue
What type of dense connective tissue is composed of densely packed, parallel collagen fibers?
Dense regular connective tissue
Where is dense regular connective tissue found?
Tendons & ligaments
What type of dense connective tissue is composed of collagen fibers extending in all directions?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What type of dense connective tissue contains elastic tissue?
Elastic connective tissue
What are the two types of supporting connective tissue?
•Cartilage
•Bone
Which of these two is more flexible and found where the body needs support and must withstand deformation?
Cartilage
What is the most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline
What type of cartilage has numerous coarse, readily visible fibers arranged in irregular bundles between large chondrocytes?
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage contains numerous elastic fibers?
Elastic cartilage
What type of connective tissue is composed of 1/3 organic components and 2/3 calcium salts?
Bone
Which form of bone is solid and forms the outer shell of an individual bone?
Cortical compact bone
Which type of bone forms a latticework inside of individual bones?
Cancellous spongy bone
What is the fluid connective tissue?
Blood
What type of muscle tissue has long fibers that are striated, multinueated, and vonluntary?
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle tissue has short, branched fibers with one or two central nuclei, striations and intercalated discs?
Cardiac muscle
What type of muscle tissue has short, fusiform, nonstriated fibers and is involuntary?
Smooth muscle
What type of cells within neural tissue are specialized to detect stimuli, process information, and rapidly transmit electrical impulses?
Neurons
What type of cells within neural tissue specialize in supporting, protecting, and providing a framework for others?
Glial cells
What are the two layers of the internment?
•Epidermis
•Dermis
What layer of tissue lies just deep to the integument?
Subcutaneous layer
What three pigments contribute to skin color?
•Hemoglobin
•Melanin
•Carotene
What harmless, localized overgrowth of melanin forming cells?
Nevus (mole)
What is a yellowish or brown spot caused by localized areas of excessive melanocyte activity?
Freckle
What are the functions of subcutaneous fat?
•Protection
•Energy reservoir
•Thermal insulation
What is hair?
A filament of keratinized cells
What is a fine unpigmented downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester?
Lanugo
What is fine unpigmented or lightly pigmented hair found on the arms and legs?
Vellus
What is usually coarse pigmented hair found in the scalp?
Terminal hair
What part of the hair is a swelling at the base of the hair and lying within the dermis?
Hair bulb
What part of the hair is the remainder of the hair within the follicle?
Root
The portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface?
Shaft
What is the oblique tube of epithelium that surrounds a hair?
Hair follicle
What smooth muscles produce goose bumps?
Rector pili muscles
What type of sweat gland functions In thermoregulation?
Merocrine (eccrine) glands
What type of sweat gland produces a distinct odor?
Apocrine glands
What type of gland produces sebum to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry?
Sebaceous glands
What type of gland is located within the ear?
Ceruminous glands
What glands produce milk?
Mammary glands
