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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

How many principal tissue types are there?

A

4

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2
Q

What are the four primary tissue types?

A

•Epithelial tissue
•Connective tissue
•Muscle
•Nervous tissue

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3
Q

What primary tissue type acts as a covering or lining?

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

What two factors are used to classify membranous epithelia?

A

•Layering or stratification
•Shape of apical cells

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5
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

One layer

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6
Q

What it is stratified epithelium?

A

Two or more layers

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7
Q

What is pseudostratified?

A

One layer that has the appearance of many

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8
Q

What is squamous?

A

Flat

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9
Q

What is cuboidal?

A

Cube shaped

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10
Q

What is columnar?

A

Taller than wide column shaped

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11
Q

What does transitional mean?

A

Change shape

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12
Q

What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide?

A

Simple cubiodal epithelium

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14
Q

What type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall narrow cells?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers with the apical layer being flat?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What is the function of stratified tissue?

A

Protection of underlying tissues

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17
Q

What two general types of stratified squamous occur?

A

•Nonkeratinized
•Keratinized

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18
Q

What type of epithelium is typically composed of two layers with the apical layer being cube shaped cells?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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19
Q

What type of epithelium is composed of two or more layers of cells with the apical layer made of cells taller than they are wide?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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20
Q

What type of epithelium appears to be layered but is not?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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21
Q

What type of epithelium may be stretched?

A

Transitional epithelium

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22
Q

What are the two broad categories of connective tissue proper?

A

•Loose connective tissue
•Dense connective tissue

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23
Q

What type of loose connective tissue surrounds nerves, blood vessels, and individual muscle cells?

A

Areolar connective tissue

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24
Q

This type of tissue forms shiny layers of binding tissue commonly known as what?

A

Fascia

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25
Q

What type of loose connective tissue is commonly known as fat?

A

Adipose connective tissue

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26
Q

What type of connective tissue forms a mesh work that acts as a structural framework for organs?

A

Reticular connective tissue

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27
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

•Dense regular connective tissue
•Dense irregular connective tissue
•Elastic connective tissue

28
Q

What type of dense connective tissue is composed of densely packed, parallel collagen fibers?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

29
Q

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

A

Tendons & ligaments

30
Q

What type of dense connective tissue is composed of collagen fibers extending in all directions?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

31
Q

What type of dense connective tissue contains elastic tissue?

A

Elastic connective tissue

32
Q

What are the two types of supporting connective tissue?

A

•Cartilage
•Bone

33
Q

Which of these two is more flexible and found where the body needs support and must withstand deformation?

A

Cartilage

34
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

35
Q

What type of cartilage has numerous coarse, readily visible fibers arranged in irregular bundles between large chondrocytes?

A

Fibrocartilage

36
Q

What type of cartilage contains numerous elastic fibers?

A

Elastic cartilage

37
Q

What type of connective tissue is composed of 1/3 organic components and 2/3 calcium salts?

A

Bone

38
Q

Which form of bone is solid and forms the outer shell of an individual bone?

A

Cortical compact bone

39
Q

Which type of bone forms a latticework inside of individual bones?

A

Cancellous spongy bone

40
Q

What is the fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood

41
Q

What type of muscle tissue has long fibers that are striated, multinueated, and vonluntary?

A

Skeletal muscle

42
Q

What type of muscle tissue has short, branched fibers with one or two central nuclei, striations and intercalated discs?

A

Cardiac muscle

43
Q

What type of muscle tissue has short, fusiform, nonstriated fibers and is involuntary?

A

Smooth muscle

44
Q

What type of cells within neural tissue are specialized to detect stimuli, process information, and rapidly transmit electrical impulses?

A

Neurons

45
Q

What type of cells within neural tissue specialize in supporting, protecting, and providing a framework for others?

A

Glial cells

46
Q

What are the two layers of the internment?

A

•Epidermis
•Dermis

47
Q

What layer of tissue lies just deep to the integument?

A

Subcutaneous layer

48
Q

What three pigments contribute to skin color?

A

•Hemoglobin
•Melanin
•Carotene

49
Q

What harmless, localized overgrowth of melanin forming cells?

A

Nevus (mole)

50
Q

What is a yellowish or brown spot caused by localized areas of excessive melanocyte activity?

A

Freckle

51
Q

What are the functions of subcutaneous fat?

A

•Protection
•Energy reservoir
•Thermal insulation

52
Q

What is hair?

A

A filament of keratinized cells

53
Q

What is a fine unpigmented downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester?

A

Lanugo

54
Q

What is fine unpigmented or lightly pigmented hair found on the arms and legs?

A

Vellus

55
Q

What is usually coarse pigmented hair found in the scalp?

A

Terminal hair

56
Q

What part of the hair is a swelling at the base of the hair and lying within the dermis?

A

Hair bulb

57
Q

What part of the hair is the remainder of the hair within the follicle?

A

Root

58
Q

The portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface?

A

Shaft

59
Q

What is the oblique tube of epithelium that surrounds a hair?

A

Hair follicle

60
Q

What smooth muscles produce goose bumps?

A

Rector pili muscles

61
Q

What type of sweat gland functions In thermoregulation?

A

Merocrine (eccrine) glands

62
Q

What type of sweat gland produces a distinct odor?

A

Apocrine glands

63
Q

What type of gland produces sebum to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry?

A

Sebaceous glands

64
Q

What type of gland is located within the ear?

A

Ceruminous glands

65
Q

What glands produce milk?

A

Mammary glands

Anatomy (14 decks)

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