Extremities Part 1 Flashcards
What part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum?
Head
What depression in the proximal portion of the femur accommodates the attachment of a ligament?
Fovea capitis femoris
What is the constricted proximal portion of the femur?
Neck
What is the long central portion of the femur?
Shaft
What is the proximolateral projection of the femur palpable on the lateral side of the hip?
Greater trochanter
What is the femoral projection on the proximal posteromedial surface?
Lesser trochanter
What is the thick oblique ridge of the bone on the proximal posterior side of the femur between the trochanters?
Intertrochanteric crest
What feature runs between the trochanters anteriorly?
Intertrochanteric line
Onto what feature of the femur does the pectins insert? This feature lies between the lesser trochanter and lines aspera.
Pectineal line
Onto what feature of the femur does the gluteus Maximus insert?
Gluteal tuberosity
What is the elevated ridge on the posterior midline of the femur?
Linea aspera
What features of the femur border the popliteal surface medially and laterally?
Medial and lateral supracondylar lines
What feature of the femur is the site of attachment for the adductor magnus?
Adductor tubercle
What part of the femur articulate with the tibia?
Medial and lateral condyles
What prominent bony structures lie on the medial and lateral sides of the femur distally?
Medial and lateral epicondyles
What part of the femur articulates with the patella?
Patellar surface
What is the broad superior portion of the patella?
Base
What part of the patella points inferiorly?
Apex
What parts of the tibia articulate with the femur?
Medial and lateral condyles
What ridge of bone lies on the midline of the tibias superior surface?
Intercondylar eminence
What part of the tibia articulates with the fibula?
Fibular articular surface
Onto what feature of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?
Tibial tuberosity
What ridge of bone lies on the anterior of the tibias shaft?
Anterior crest
What is the hammer like structure of the tibia that forms the prominence on the medial side of the ankle?
Medial malleolus
What feature of the tibia forms the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Fibular notch
What feature on the posterior aspect of the tibia runs distally from lateral to medial and is part of the origin for the soleus muscle ?
The soleal line
What is the proximal end of the fibula?
Head
What is the distal end of the fibula?
Lateral malleolus
What is the collective term for the short bones of the ankle?
Tarsals
Which of the tarsals articulates with the tibia?
Talus (turtle)
Which of the tarsals forms the proximal row?
Talus calcaneus
What is the heel bone?
Calcaneus
Which of the tarsals bone is considered the intermediate bone?
Navicular
Which of the tarsals is distal to the talus on the medial side of the foot?
Navicular
From medial to lateral list the tarsals of the distal row.
•Medial cuneiform
•Intermediate cuneiform
•Lateral cuneiform
•Cuboid
What are the long bones in the middle of the foot?
Metatarsal bones
What are the bones of the toes?
Phalanges
What are the two bones in the great toe?
Proximal and distal phalanges
What are the three bones in digits 2-5 of the foot?
Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
List the three arches of the foot.
•Medial longitudinal arch
•Lateral longitudinal arch
•Transverse arch
Which arch of the foot is formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, and cuneiform bones?
Medial arch
Which arch of the foot is formed by the calcaneus and the cuboid and metatarsals 4 and 5?
Lateral longitudinal arch
Which arch of the foot is formed by the distal row of tarsals and the bases of all five metatarsal’s?
Transverse arch
What ligament originates along the acetabulum and attaches to the fovea capitis femoris?
Ligamentum teres
What two articulations make up the knee?
•Tibiofemoral joint
•Patellofemoral joint
What structure joins the quadriceps femoris to the patella?
Quadriceps tendon
What structure joints the patella to the tibia?
Patellar ligament
What ligament connects the femur and the fibula and prevents hyperadduction?
Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament
What ligament connects the femur and the tibia and prevents hyper abduction?
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
What two C-shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the femoral and tibia condyles?
•Medial meniscus
•Lateral meniscus
Which of the menisci within the knee is attached to a collateral ligament?
Medial meniscus
What two ligaments within the knee cross to form a X or cross?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Which of the cruciate ligaments tightens on extension to prevent hyperextension?
Anterior cruciate ligament
Which of the cruciate ligaments tightens on flexion to prevent hyperflexion?
Posterior cruciate ligament
What three bones are involved in the ankle joint?
•Tibia
•Fibula
•Talus
What ligament binds the tibia to the foot on the medial side and prevents overeversion?
Deltoid ligament
What ligaments bind the fibula to the foot and prevent inversion?
•Anterior talofibular
•Posterior talofibular
•Calcaneofibular
What group of joints within the foot allows inversion and eversion?
Intertarsal joints
What joints within the foot lie between the tarsals and metatarsals?
Tarsometatarsal joints
